[In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.]
75:1
لَا أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
Pronunciation
La oqsimu biyawmi alqiyamat
Translation
I swear by the Day of Resurrection
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay! (the lā is extra in both instances) I swear by the Day of Resurrection.
وَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ
Pronunciation
Wala oqsimu binnafsi allawwamat
Translation
And I swear by the reproaching soul [to the certainty of resurrection].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And, nay, I swear by the (self-)reproaching soul, the one that reproaches itself, even if it should expend great effort in being virtuous (the response to the oath has been omitted, that is to say, la-tub‘athunna, ‘you shall indeed be resurrected!’, as indicated by [what follows]):
أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنسَانُ أَلَّن نَّجْمَعَ عِظَامَهُ
Pronunciation
Ayahsabu al-insanu allannajmaAAa AAithamah
Translation
Does man think that We will not assemble his bones?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Does man, that is, [does] the disbeliever, suppose that We shall not assemble his bones?, for the raising [from the graves] and [for] the bringing back to life.
بَلَىٰ قَادِرِينَ عَلَىٰ أَن نُّسَوِّيَ بَنَانَهُ
Pronunciation
Bala qadireena AAala annusawwiya bananah
Translation
Yes. [We are] Able [even] to proportion his fingertips.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Yes, indeed!, We shall assemble them. We are able, in addition to assembling them, to reshape [even] his fingers, that is to say, to restore their bones just as they had been, despite their smallness: so how much more so [are We able to restore] the larger ones!
بَلْ يُرِيدُ الْإِنسَانُ لِيَفْجُرَ أَمَامَهُ
Pronunciation
Bal yureedu al-insanu liyafjura amamah
Translation
But man desires to continue in sin.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay, but man desires to deny (li-yafjura: the lām is extra, and the subjunctive mood is because of an implied [preceding] an, ‘that’) what lies ahead of him, namely, the Day of Resurrection, as is indicated by:
يَسْأَلُ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ
Pronunciation
Yas-alu ayyana yawmu alqiyama
Translation
He asks, "When is the Day of Resurrection?"
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
He asks, ‘When is the Day of Resurrection?’ — the question is meant in mockery and denial.
فَإِذَا بَرِقَ الْبَصَرُ
Pronunciation
Fa-itha bariqa albasar
Translation
So when vision is dazzled
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But when the eyes are dazzled (read bariqa or baraqa), startled and perplexed upon seeing some of those things which it used to deny;
وَخَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ
Pronunciation
Wakhasafa alqamar
Translation
And the moon darkens
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and the moon is eclipsed, darkening, its light disappearing,
وَجُمِعَ الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ
Pronunciation
WajumiAAa ashshamsu walqamar
Translation
And the sun and the moon are joined,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and the sun and the moon are brought together, so that both of them will rise from the west; or [it means when] the light of both of them disappears — and this will be on the Day of Resurrection —
يَقُولُ الْإِنسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَيْنَ الْمَفَرُّ
Pronunciation
Yaqoolu al-insanu yawma-ithinayna almafar
Translation
Man will say on that Day, "Where is the [place of] escape?"
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
on that day man will say, ‘Where is the escape?’
كَلَّا لَا وَزَرَ
Pronunciation
Kalla la wazar
Translation
No! There is no refuge.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No indeed! — a deterrent against seeking to escape — There is no refuge, no shelter to seek protection in.
إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ
Pronunciation
Ila rabbika yawma-ithinalmustaqar
Translation
To your Lord, that Day, is the [place of] permanence.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
On that day the recourse will be to your Lord, the [final] recourse of all creatures, whereupon they will be reckoned with and requited.
يُنَبَّأُ الْإِنسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ
Pronunciation
Yunabbao al-insanu yawma-ithinbima qaddama waakhkhar
Translation
Man will be informed that Day of what he sent ahead and kept back.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
On that day man will be informed of what he has sent ahead and left behind, [he will be informed] of the his first and last deeds.
بَلِ الْإِنسَانُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Translation
Rather, man, against himself, will be a witness,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Rather man has insight into his [own] soul, for his limbs will speak of his deeds (the hā’ [sc. the tā’ marbūta in basīratun] is for hyperbole), and so he must be requited,
وَلَوْ أَلْقَىٰ مَعَاذِيرَهُ
Pronunciation
Walaw alqa maAAatheerah
Translation
Even if he presents his excuses.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
though he should offer his excuses (ma‘ādhīr is the plural of ma‘dhira, but following a different pattern [from the usual ma‘dhira, ma‘ādhir]) that is to say, whatever excuse he offers will not be accepted from him.
لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ
Pronunciation
La tuharrik bihi lisanakalitaAAjala bih
Translation
Move not your tongue with it, [O Muhammad], to hasten with recitation of the Qur'an.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
God, exalted be He, says to His Prophet: Do not move your tongue with it, with the Qur’ān, before Gabriel is through with [reciting] it, to hasten it, fearing to lose it.
إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ
Pronunciation
Inna AAalayna jamAAahu waqur-anah
Translation
Indeed, upon Us is its collection [in your heart] and [to make possible] its recitation.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Assuredly it is for Us to bring it together, in your breast, and to recite it, your reciting of it, that is, its flowing off your tongue.
فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ
Pronunciation
Fa-itha qara/nahu fattabiAAqur-anah
Translation
So when We have recited it [through Gabriel], then follow its recitation.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So, when We recite it, to you, by means of Gabriel’s recital, follow its recitation, listen to its recitation: thus the Prophet (s) would listen to it and then repeat it.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ
Pronunciation
Thumma inna AAalayna bayanah
Translation
Then upon Us is its clarification [to you].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then, it is for Us to explain it, by making you comprehend [it]: the connection between this verse and what preceded [it] is that those [verses before] imply turning away from God’s signs, whereas this one implies applying oneself to them by memorising them.
كَلَّا بَلْ تُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَةَ
Pronunciation
Kalla bal tuhibboona alAAajila
Translation
No! But you love the immediate
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No indeed! (kallā is for commencement, with the sense of alā) Rather you love the transitory [life], this world (both verbs [here and below] may be read in the second or third person plural),
وَتَذَرُونَ الْآخِرَةَ
Pronunciation
Watatharoona al-akhira
Translation
And leave the Hereafter.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and forsake the Hereafter, thus neglecting to work towards [attaining bliss in] it.
وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَّاضِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Wujoohun yawma-ithin nadira
Translation
[Some] faces, that Day, will be radiant,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Some faces on that day, that is, on the Day of Resurrection, will be radiant, fair and resplendent,
إِلَىٰ رَبِّهَا نَاظِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Ila rabbiha nathira
Translation
Looking at their Lord.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
looking upon their Lord, in other words, they will see God, glorified and exalted be He, in the Hereafter.
وَوُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَاسِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Wawujoohun yawma-ithin basira
Translation
And [some] faces, that Day, will be contorted,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And other faces on that day will be scowling, glowering, frowning terribly,
تَظُنُّ أَن يُفْعَلَ بِهَا فَاقِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Tathunnu an yufAAala bihafaqira
Translation
Expecting that there will be done to them [something] backbreaking.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
certain that a spine-crushing calamity will fall on them, a great catastrophe, one that ‘crushes the spine’ (fiqār).
كَلَّا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِيَ
Pronunciation
Kalla itha balaghati attaraqiy
Translation
No! When the soul has reached the collar bones
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No indeed! (kallā: in the sense of alā) When it, the soul, reaches up to the collar bones,
وَقِيلَ مَنْ ۜ رَاقٍ
Pronunciation
Waqeela man raq
Translation
And it is said, "Who will cure [him]?"
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and it is said, [and] those around him [the dying one] say: ‘Where is the enchanter?’, to perform incantations on him and cure him,
وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ الْفِرَاقُ
Pronunciation
Wathanna annahu alfiraq
Translation
And the dying one is certain that it is the [time of] separation
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and he suspects, [he] the one whose soul has reached this [stage], that it is the [time of] parting, the parting with this world,
وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ
Pronunciation
Waltaffati assaqu bilssaq
Translation
And the leg is wound about the leg,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and the shank is intertwined with the [other] shank, that is, one of his shanks [will be intertwined] with his other shank at the moment of death; or [it means] the distress of parting with this world is intertwined with the distress of the arrival of the Hereafter;
إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمَسَاقُ
Pronunciation
Ila rabbika yawma-ithin almasaq
Translation
To your Lord, that Day, will be the procession.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
on that day to your Lord will be the driving [of the souls] (al-masāq means al-sawq; this indicates the operator of the [above] idhā, ‘when’, the meaning being: ‘when the soul reaches the throat, it will be driven towards the judgement of its Lord’).
فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Fala saddaqa wala salla
Translation
And the disbeliever had not believed, nor had he prayed.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
For he, man, neither affirmed [the truth] nor prayed,
وَلَٰكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Walakin kaththaba watawalla
Translation
But [instead], he denied and turned away.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
but he denied, the Qur’ān, and he turned away, from faith,
ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ يَتَمَطَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Thumma thahaba ila ahlihiyatamatta
Translation
And then he went to his people, swaggering [in pride].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
then went off to his family swaggering, strutting about in self-conceit.
أَوْلَىٰ لَكَ فَأَوْلَىٰ
Pronunciation
Awla laka faawla
Translation
Woe to you, and woe!
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
[Woe be] nearer to you (there is a shift from the third [to the second] person address here; the term [awlā] is a noun of action, with the [following] lām being explicative, in other words, ‘what you are averse to is [now] near to you’) and nearer, that is because you are more deserving of it [woe] than anyone else,
ثُمَّ أَوْلَىٰ لَكَ فَأَوْلَىٰ
Pronunciation
Thumma awla laka faawla
Translation
Then woe to you, and woe!
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
then [may woe be] nearer to you and nearer! — [repeated] for emphasis.
أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنسَانُ أَن يُتْرَكَ سُدًى
Pronunciation
Ayahsabu al-insanu an yutrakasuda
Translation
Does man think that he will be left neglected?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Does man suppose that he is to be left aimless?, left to his own devices without being obligated to the [prescribed] laws: let him not suppose that!
أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِّن مَّنِيٍّ يُمْنَىٰ
Pronunciation
Alam yaku nutfatan min manayyin yumna
Translation
Had he not been a sperm from semen emitted?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Was he not — that is, [indeed] he was — a drop of emitted semen? (read yumnā or tumnā) deposited into the womb.
ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Thumma kana AAalaqatan fakhalaqafasawwa
Translation
Then he was a clinging clot, and [Allah] created [his form] and proportioned [him]
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then it, the drop of semen, became a clot; then He, God, created, from it man, and proportioned [him], making the parts of his body upright,
فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ
Pronunciation
FajaAAala minhu azzawjayni aththakarawal-ontha
Translation
And made of him two mates, the male and the female.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and made of it, of the drop of semen that became a blood-clot, then an embryo, a [small] mass of flesh, the two sexes, the two kinds, the male and the female, at times coming together and at times each being on their own.
أَلَيْسَ ذَٰلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَن يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَىٰ
Pronunciation
Alaysa thalika biqadirin AAalaan yuhyiya almawta
Translation
Is not that [Creator] Able to give life to the dead?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Is not such, a Doer of [all] these things, able to revive the dead? — the Prophet (s) would say, ‘Yes, indeed!’
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