Surat
Al-Ma`ārij (The Ascending Stairways) - سورة المعارج
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
70:1
سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ
بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ
Pronunciation
Saala
sa-ilun biAAathabin waqiAA
Translation
A
supplicant asked for a punishment bound to happen
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
A
petitioner petitioned, a supplicator supplicated [for], an impending
chastisement
لِّلْكَافِرِينَ
لَيْسَ لَهُ دَافِعٌ
Pronunciation
Lilkafireena
laysa lahu dafiAA
Translation
To
the disbelievers; of it there is no preventer.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
—
which in the case of the disbelievers none can avert: this was al-Nadr b.
al-Hārith who said, ‘O God, if this be indeed the truth from You … [then rain
down upon us stones from the heaven’ [Q. 8:32],
مِّنَ اللَّهِ
ذِي الْمَعَارِجِ
Pronunciation
Mina
Allahi thee almaAAarij
Translation
[It
is] from Allah, owner of the ways of ascent.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
from
God (mina’Llāhi is semantically connected to wāqi‘in, ‘impending’), Lord of the
Ascensions, the ascension routes of the angels, which are the heavens.
تَعْرُجُ
الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ
أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ
Pronunciation
TaAAruju
almala-ikatu warroohuilayhi fee yawmin kana miqdaruhu khamseena alfasana
Translation
The
angels and the Spirit will ascend to Him during a Day the extent of which is
fifty thousand years.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
To
Him, to the place in the heaven to which His command descends, ascend (read
[feminine person] ta‘ruju or [masculine person] ya‘ruju) the angels and the
Spirit, Gabriel, in a day (fī yawmin is semantically connected to an omitted
clause, that is to say, ‘[in a day] in which the chastisement befalls them’, on
the Day of Resurrection) whose span is fifty thousand years, from the
perspective of the disbeliever, on account of the calamities he will encounter
in it — but as for the believer, it [the mentioned day] will be easier for him
than an obligatory prayer which he performs in this world, as stated in hadīth.
فَاصْبِرْ
صَبْرًا جَمِيلًا
Pronunciation
Fasbir
sabran jameela
Translation
So
be patient with gracious patience.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
be patient — this was [revealed] before he [the Prophet] was commanded to fight
— with a graceful patience, that is, one in which there is no anguish.
إِنَّهُمْ
يَرَوْنَهُ بَعِيدًا
Pronunciation
Innahum
yarawnahu baAAeeda
Translation
Indeed,
they see it [as] distant,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Lo!
they see it, that is, the chastisement, as [being] far off, as never taking
place;
وَنَرَاهُ
قَرِيبًا
Pronunciation
Wanarahu
qareeba
Translation
But
We see it [as] near.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
while
We see it [to be] near, taking place without a doubt.
يَوْمَ تَكُونُ
السَّمَاءُ كَالْمُهْلِ
Pronunciation
Yawma
takoonu assamao kalmuhl
Translation
On
the Day the sky will be like murky oil,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
The
day when the heaven will be (yawma takūnu’l-samā’u is semantically connected to
an omitted clause, implicitly taken to be yaqa‘u, ‘it will take place’) as
molten silver,
وَتَكُونُ
الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ
Pronunciation
Watakoonu
aljibalu kalAAihn
Translation
And
the mountains will be like wool,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
the mountains will be as flakes of wool, in terms of [their] lightness and
[their] floating about in the wind.
وَلَا يَسْأَلُ
حَمِيمٌ حَمِيمًا
Pronunciation
Wala
yas-alu hameemun hameema
Translation
And
no friend will ask [anything of] a friend,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
no friend will inquire about his friend, [no] relative [will inquire] about his
relative, each being preoccupied with his own predicament.
يُبَصَّرُونَهُمْ
ۚ يَوَدُّ الْمُجْرِمُ لَوْ يَفْتَدِي مِنْ
عَذَابِ يَوْمِئِذٍ بِبَنِيهِ
Pronunciation
Yubassaroonahum
yawaddu almujrimu lawyaftadee min AAathabi yawmi-ithin bibaneeh
Translation
They
will be shown each other. The criminal will wish that he could be ransomed from
the punishment of that Day by his children
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
They
will [however] be made to see them, that is, friends will catch sight of one
another, recognising one another but refraining from speaking [to one another]
(the sentence [yubassarūnahum] is a new [independent] one). The guilty one will
desire, the disbeliever will yearn, to ransom himself from the chastisement of
that day (read [min ‘adhābi] yawmi’dhin or [min ‘adhābin] yawma’idhin) at the
price of his children,
وَصَاحِبَتِهِ
وَأَخِيهِ
Pronunciation
Wasahibatihi
waakheeh
Translation
And
his wife and his brother
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
his companion, his wife, and his brother,
وَفَصِيلَتِهِ
الَّتِي تُؤْوِيهِ
Pronunciation
Wafaseelatihi
allatee tu/weeh
Translation
And
his nearest kindred who shelter him
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
his kin, his clan ([expressed as fasīla] because he is a [detached] part [fasl]
of it) that had sheltered him, embraced him,
وَمَن فِي
الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ يُنجِيهِ
Pronunciation
Waman
fee al-ardi jameeAAan thummayunjeeh
Translation
And
whoever is on earth entirely [so] then it could save him.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
all who are on earth, if it, that ransom, might then deliver him (thumma
yunjīhi is a supplement to yaftadī, ‘to ransom himself’).
كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّهَا لَظَىٰ
Pronunciation
Kalla
innaha latha
Translation
No!
Indeed, it is the Flame [of Hell],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay!
— a refutation of his wish. Lo! [for him] it, namely, the Fire, will be the
Churning Fire (lazā) — a name for Hell, [so called] because it churns its
flames [tatalazzā] against the disbelievers,
نَزَّاعَةً
لِّلشَّوَىٰ
Pronunciation
NazzaAAatan
lishshawa
Translation
A
remover of exteriors.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
ripping
out the scalp (shawā is the plural of shawāt, the skin of the head);
تَدْعُو مَنْ
أَدْبَرَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Pronunciation
TadAAoo
man adbara watawalla
Translation
It
invites he who turned his back [on truth] and went away [from obedience]
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
it
will call him who turned his back and ignored, faith, saying [to him]: ‘To me!
to me [come hither]!’,
وَجَمَعَ
فَأَوْعَىٰ
Pronunciation
WajamaAAa
faawAAa
Translation
And
collected [wealth] and hoarded.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
amassed, wealth, then hoarded, keeping it in containers and refraining from
paying from it what is God’s due.
إِنَّ
الْإِنسَانَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعًا
Pronunciation
Inna
al-insana khuliqa halooAAa
Translation
Indeed,
mankind was created anxious:
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Indeed
man was created restless: (halū‘an is an implied circumstantial qualifier, the
explanation of which [follows]):
إِذَا مَسَّهُ
الشَّرُّ جَزُوعًا
Pronunciation
Itha
massahu ashsharrujazooAAa
Translation
When
evil touches him, impatient,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
when
evil befalls him, [he is] anxious, at the point of that evil befalling [him],
وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ
الْخَيْرُ مَنُوعًا
Pronunciation
Wa-itha
massahu alkhayru manooAAa
Translation
And
when good touches him, withholding [of it],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
when good befalls him, [he is] grudging, at the point of that good befalling
[him], that is to say, [when] wealth [befalls him], [he is grudging to give] of
it what is due to God;
إِلَّا
الْمُصَلِّينَ
Pronunciation
Illa
almusalleen
Translation
Except
the observers of prayer -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
except
those who perform prayers, that is, the believers,
الَّذِينَ هُمْ
عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ
Pronunciation
Allatheena
hum AAala salatihimda-imoon
Translation
Those
who are constant in their prayer
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
those
who maintain, [those who] regularly observe, their prayers,
وَالَّذِينَ فِي
أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَّعْلُومٌ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
fee amwalihimhaqqun maAAloom
Translation
And
those within whose wealth is a known right
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
in whose wealth there is an acknowledged due, namely, alms,
لِّلسَّائِلِ
وَالْمَحْرُومِ
Pronunciation
Lissa-ili
walmahroom
Translation
For
the petitioner and the deprived -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
for
the beggar and the deprived, the [latter being the] one who refrains from
begging and thus becomes deprived,
وَالَّذِينَ
يُصَدِّقُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
yusaddiqoonabiyawmi addeen
Translation
And
those who believe in the Day of Recompense
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
who affirm the truth of the Day of Judgement, [of] Requital,
وَالَّذِينَ هُم
مِّنْ عَذَابِ رَبِّهِم مُّشْفِقُونَ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
hum min AAathabirabbihim mushfiqoon
Translation
And
those who are fearful of the punishment of their Lord -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
who are apprehensive of the chastisement of their Lord —
إِنَّ عَذَابَ
رَبِّهِمْ غَيْرُ مَأْمُونٍ
Pronunciation
Inna
AAathaba rabbihim ghayru ma/moon
Translation
Indeed,
the punishment of their Lord is not that from which one is safe -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
lo!
there is no security from the chastisement of their Lord, [from] its being sent
down —
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ
لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
hum lifuroojihim hafithoon
Translation
And
those who guard their private parts
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
those who guard their private parts,
إِلَّا عَلَىٰ
أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ
Pronunciation
Illa
AAala azwajihim awma malakat aymanuhum fa-innahum ghayru maloomeen
Translation
Except
from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they are not
to be blamed -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
except
from their wives and those whom their right hands own, in the way of
slavegirls, for in that case they are not blameworthy;
فَمَنِ ابْتَغَىٰ
وَرَاءَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ
Pronunciation
Famani
ibtagha waraa thalikafaola-ika humu alAAadoon
Translation
But
whoever seeks beyond that, then they are the transgressors -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
but
whoever seeks beyond that, those are the infringers, who transgress [the bounds
of] what is lawful [stepping] into what is unlawful;
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ
لِأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
hum li-amanatihimwaAAahdihim raAAoon
Translation
And
those who are to their trusts and promises attentive
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
those who are keepers, [faithful] guardians, of their trusts (amānātihim: a
variant reading has the singular [amānatihim]), that to which they are
entrusted of religion and the affairs of this world, and their covenant, the
one taken from them regarding such things,
وَالَّذِينَ هُم
بِشَهَادَاتِهِمْ قَائِمُونَ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
hum bishahadatihimqa-imoon
Translation
And
those who are in their testimonies upright
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
who are forthwith with their testimony (bi-shahādatihim: a variant reading has
the plural [bi-shahādātihim, ‘their testimonies’]), [those who] offer them and
do not withhold them,
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ
عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
hum AAala salatihimyuhafithoon
Translation
And
those who [carefully] maintain their prayer:
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
who preserve their prayers, by observing them in their appointed times.
أُولَٰئِكَ فِي
جَنَّاتٍ مُّكْرَمُونَ
Pronunciation
Ola-ika
fee jannatin mukramoon
Translation
They
will be in gardens, honored.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Those
will be in Gardens, honoured.
فَمَالِ
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا قِبَلَكَ مُهْطِعِينَ
Pronunciation
Famali
allatheena kafarooqibalaka muhtiAAeen
Translation
So
what is [the matter] with those who disbelieve, hastening [from] before you, [O
Muhammad],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
what is wrong with those who disbelieve that they keep staring towards you
(muhti‘īna is a circumstantial qualifier),
عَنِ الْيَمِينِ
وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ
Pronunciation
AAani
alyameeni waAAani ashshimaliAAizeen
Translation
[To
sit] on [your] right and [your] left in separate groups?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
to
the right and to the left, of you, in droves? (‘izīna is also a circumstantial
qualifier), in other words, in groups standing in circles, one next to the
other, saying, in mockery of the believers, ‘Verily if [the likes of] these are
to enter Paradise, we shall enter it before them’. God, exalted be He, says:
أَيَطْمَعُ كُلُّ
امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُدْخَلَ جَنَّةَ نَعِيمٍ
Pronunciation
AyatmaAAu
kullu imri-in minhum anyudkhala jannata naAAeem
Translation
Does
every person among them aspire to enter a garden of pleasure?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Does
each one of them hope to be admitted into a Garden of Bliss?
كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّا
خَلَقْنَاهُم مِّمَّا يَعْلَمُونَ
Pronunciation
Kalla
inna khalaqnahummimma yaAAlamoon
Translation
No!
Indeed, We have created them from that which they know.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay!
— meant to thwart their hopes of [entering] Paradise. Indeed We created them,
as others, from what they know, from drops of sperm, and so one cannot hope for
Paradise [merely] on account of this: one hopes for it by being God-fearing.
فَلَا أُقْسِمُ
بِرَبِّ الْمَشَارِقِ وَالْمَغَارِبِ إِنَّا لَقَادِرُونَ
Pronunciation
Fala
oqsimu birabbi almashariqiwalmagharibi inna laqadiroon
Translation
So
I swear by the Lord of [all] risings and settings that indeed We are able
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
For
verily (fa-lā: lā is extra) I swear by the Lord of the rising-places and the
setting-places, of the sun, the moon and all the stars, that We are able
عَلَىٰ أَن
نُّبَدِّلَ خَيْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَسْبُوقِينَ
Pronunciation
AAala
an nubaddila khayran minhum wamanahnu bimasbooqeen
Translation
To
replace them with better than them; and We are not to be outdone.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
to
replace [them], to bring in their place, with [others] better than them, and We
are not to be outmanoeuvred, [We will not be] frustrated in this.
فَذَرْهُمْ
يَخُوضُوا وَيَلْعَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يُلَاقُوا يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ
Pronunciation
Fatharhum
yakhoodoowayalAAaboo hatta yulaqoo yawmahumu allatheeyooAAadoon
Translation
So
leave them to converse vainly and amuse themselves until they meet their Day
which they are promised -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
leave them to indulge, in their falsehoods, and to play, in this world of
theirs, until they encounter that day of theirs, in, which they are promised,
chastisement;
يَوْمَ
يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ الْأَجْدَاثِ سِرَاعًا كَأَنَّهُمْ إِلَىٰ نُصُبٍ يُوفِضُونَ
Pronunciation
Yawma
yakhrujoona mina al-ajdathi siraAAankaannahum ila nusubin yoofidoon
Translation
The
Day they will emerge from the graves rapidly as if they were, toward an erected
idol, hastening.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
the
day when they will come forth from the graves hastening, to the site of the
Gathering, as if racing to a [standing] target (nasbin: a variant reading has
nusubin, meaning something that has been erected [mansūb], such as a flag or a
banner),
خَاشِعَةً
أَبْصَارُهُمْ تَرْهَقُهُمْ ذِلَّةٌ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ
الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ
Pronunciation
KhashiAAatan
absaruhumtarhaquhum thillatun thalika alyawmu allatheekanoo yooAAadoon
Translation
Their
eyes humbled, humiliation will cover them. That is the Day which they had been
promised.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
with
their eyes humbled, abject, overcast by abasement, shrouded in it. Such is the
day which they are promised (dhālika is the subject and what follows it is the
predicate), meaning: the Day of Resurrection.
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