Surat
Al-Mumtaĥanah (She that is to be examined) - سورة الممتحنة
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
60:1
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ
إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُم مِّنَ الْحَقِّ
يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۙ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا
بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ
مَرْضَاتِي ۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا
أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنتُمْ ۚ وَمَن
يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha allatheena amanoola tattakhithoo AAaduwwee waAAaduwwakum awliyaatulqoona
ilayhim bilmawaddati waqad kafaroo bima jaakummina alhaqqi yukhrijoona
arrasoola wa-iyyakuman tu/minoo billahi rabbikum in kuntum kharajtumjihadan fee
sabeelee wabtighaa mardateetusirroona ilayhim bilmawaddati waana aAAlamu
bimaakhfaytum wama aAAlantum waman yafAAalhu minkum faqad dallasawaa assabeel
Translation
O
you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies,
extending to them affection while they have disbelieved in what came to you of
the truth, having driven out the Prophet and yourselves [only] because you
believe in Allah , your Lord. If you have come out for jihad in My cause and
seeking means to My approval, [take them not as friends]. You confide to them
affection, but I am most knowing of what you have concealed and what you have
declared. And whoever does it among you has certainly strayed from the
soundness of the way.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
you who believe, do not take My enemy and your enemy, namely, the disbelievers
of Mecca, for friends. You offer, you communicate to, them, the Prophet’s plan
(s) to attack them, which he had confided to you, and had kept secret, at
Hunayn, [communicating this to them out of], affection, between you and them.
Hātib b. Abī Balta‘a sent them a letter to that effect, on account of his
having children and close relatives, idolaters, among them. The Prophet (s)
intercepted it from the person to whom he [Hātib] had given it to deliver,
after God apprised him of this. Hātib’s excuse for this [conduct of his] was
accepted [by the Prophet]; when verily they have disbelieved in the truth that
has come to you, that is, [in] the religion of Islam and the Qur’ān, expelling
the Messenger and you, from Mecca, by oppressing you, because you believe in
God, your Lord. If you have gone forth to struggle in My way and to seek My
pleasure … (the response to the conditional is indicated by what preceded, that
is to say, [understand it as being] ‘then do not take them as friends’). You
secretly harbour affection for them, when I know well what you hide and what
you proclaim. And whoever among you does that, that is, to secretly communicate
the Prophet’s news to them, has verily strayed from the right way, he has
missed the path of guidance (originally, al-sawā’ means ‘the middle [way]’).
إِن
يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُوا لَكُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَيَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ
وَأَلْسِنَتَهُم بِالسُّوءِ وَوَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ
Pronunciation
In
yathqafookum yakoonoo lakam aAAdaanwayabsutoo ilaykum aydiyahum waalsinatahum
bissoo-iwawaddoo law takfuroon
Translation
If
they gain dominance over you, they would be to you as enemies and extend
against you their hands and their tongues with evil, and they wish you would
disbelieve.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
If
they were to prevail over you, they would be your enemies, and would stretch
out against you their hands, to kill and assault you, and their tongues with
evil [intent], with insults and reviling; and they long for you to disbelieve.
لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ
أَرْحَامُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ ۚ يَوْمَ
الْقِيَامَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
Pronunciation
Lan
tanfaAAakum arhamukum walaawladukum yawma alqiyamati yafsilu baynakumwallahu
bima taAAmaloona baseer
Translation
Never
will your relatives or your children benefit you; the Day of Resurrection He
will judge between you. And Allah , of what you do, is Seeing.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Your
relatives and your children, the idolatrous [ones], for whose sake you secretly
communicated the news, will not avail you, against the chastisement in the
Hereafter. On the Day of Resurrection you will be separated (passive yufsalu;
or read active yafsilu, ‘He will separate you’) from them, so that you will be
in Paradise, while they will be alongside the disbelievers in the Fire. And God
is Seer of what you do.
قَدْ كَانَتْ
لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا
لِقَوْمِهِمْ إِنَّا بُرَآءُ مِنكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ
كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاءُ
أَبَدًا حَتَّىٰ تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ إِلَّا قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
لِأَبِيهِ لَأَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ ۖ رَّبَّنَا
عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ
Pronunciation
Qad
kanat lakum oswatun hasanatunfee ibraheema wallatheena maAAahu ithqaloo
liqawmihim inna buraao minkum wamimmataAAbudoona min dooni Allahi kafarna bikum
wabadabaynana wabaynakumu alAAadawatu walbaghdaoabadan hatta tu/minoo billahi
wahdahuilla qawla ibraheema li-abeehi laastaghfiranna lakawama amliku laka mina
Allahi min shay-in rabbanaAAalayka tawakkalna wa-ilayka anabna wa-ilayka
almaseer
Translation
There
has already been for you an excellent pattern in Abraham and those with him,
when they said to their people, "Indeed, we are disassociated from you and
from whatever you worship other than Allah. We have denied you, and there has
appeared between us and you animosity and hatred forever until you believe in
Allah alone" except for the saying of Abraham to his father, "I will
surely ask forgiveness for you, but I have not [power to do] for you anything
against Allah. Our Lord, upon You we have relied, and to You we have returned,
and to You is the destination.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Verily
there is for you a good example (read iswa or uswa in both instances, meaning
qudwa) in [the person of] Abraham, in terms of [his] sayings and deeds, and
those who were with him, of believers, when they said to their people, ‘We are
indeed innocent of you (bura’ā’ is the plural of barī’, similar [in form] to
zarīf, ‘charming’) and of what you worship besides God. We repudiate you, we
disavow you, and between us and you there has arisen enmity and hate forever
(wa’l-baghdā’u abadan: pronounce both hamzas fully, or replace the second one
with a wāw) until you [come to] believe in God alone’, except for Abraham’s
saying to his father, ‘I shall ask forgiveness for you — [this statement is]
excepted from ‘a [good] example’, so it is not [right] for you to follow his
example in this [respect] by asking forgiveness for disbelievers. As for his
saying: but I cannot avail you anything against God’ — that is, either against
His chastisement or [to secure for you of] His reward — he [Abraham] is using
it to intimate [to his father] that he can do nothing for him other than to ask
forgiveness [for him], which [saying] is itself based on that [former
statement] albeit excepted [from it] in terms of what is meant by it, even if
on the face of it, it would seem to be [semantically] part of the [good]
example to be followed: Say, ‘Who can avail you anything against God’ [Q.
48:11]; his [Abraham’s] plea of forgiveness for him was before it became
evident to him that he [his father] was an enemy of God, as mentioned in sūrat
Barā’a [Q. 9:114]. ‘Our Lord, in You we put our trust, and to You we turn
[penitently], and to You is the journeying: these are the words of the Friend
[of God, Abraham] and those who were with him, in other words, they were
saying:
رَبَّنَا لَا
تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا رَبَّنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ
الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
Pronunciation
Rabbana
la tajAAalnafitnatan lillatheena kafaroo waghfir lanarabbana innaka anta
alAAazeezu alhakeem
Translation
Our
Lord, make us not [objects of] torment for the disbelievers and forgive us, our
Lord. Indeed, it is You who is the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Our
Lord, do not make us a cause of beguilement for those who disbelieve, that is
to say, do not make them prevail over us, lest they think that they are
following the truth and are beguiled as a result, in other words, [lest] they
lose their reason because of us; and forgive us. Our Lord, You are indeed the
Mighty, the Wise’, in Your kingdom and Your actions.
لَقَدْ كَانَ
لَكُمْ فِيهِمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ
ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ
الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ
Pronunciation
Laqad
kana lakum feehim oswatun hasanatunliman kana yarjoo Allaha walyawma
al-akhirawaman yatawalla fa-inna Allaha huwa alghanniyyu alhameed
Translation
There
has certainly been for you in them an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope
is in Allah and the Last Day. And whoever turns away - then indeed, Allah is
the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Verily
there is for you, O community of Muhammad (s) (laqad kāna lakum is the response
to an implied oath) in them a good example, for those [of you] who (li-man kāna
is an inclusive substitution for –kum [of lakum, ‘for you’] with the same
preposition [li-] repeated) anticipate God and the Last Day, that is, [for those]
who fear these two, or who expect reward or punishment. And whoever turns away,
by befriending the disbelievers, [should know that] God is the Independent,
[without need] of His creatures, the Worthy of Praise, to those who obey Him.
عَسَى اللَّهُ
أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ
قَدِيرٌ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Pronunciation
AAasa
Allahu an yajAAalabaynakum wabayna allatheena AAadaytum minhummawaddatan
wallahu qadeerun wallahughafoorun raheem
Translation
Perhaps
Allah will put, between you and those to whom you have been enemies among them,
affection. And Allah is competent, and Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
It
may be that God will bring about between you and those of them with whom you
are at enmity, from among the disbelievers of Mecca out of [your] obedience to
God, exalted be He, affection, by His guiding them to faith, so that they then
become your friends. For God is Powerful, [able] to do that — and He did do
this after the conquest of Mecca — and God is Forgiving, to them of their past
[deeds], Merciful, to them [also].
لَّا يَنْهَاكُمُ
اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم
مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ
Pronunciation
La
yanhakumu AllahuAAani allatheena lam yuqatilookum fee addeeniwalam yukhrijookum
min diyarikum an tabarroohum watuqsitooilayhim inna Allaha yuhibbu almuqsiteen
Translation
Allah
does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do
not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting
justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
God
does not forbid you in regard to those who did not wage war against you, from
among the disbelievers, on account of religion and did not expel you from your
homes, that you should treat them kindly (an tabarrūhum is an inclusive
substitution for alladhīna, ‘those who’) and deal with them justly: this was
[revealed] before the command to struggle against them. Assuredly God loves the
just.
إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ
اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن
دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَىٰ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَن
يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
Pronunciation
Innama
yanhakumu AllahuAAani allatheena qatalookum fee addeeniwaakhrajookum min
diyarikum wathaharooAAala ikhrajikum an tawallawhum waman yatawallahumfaola-ika
humu aththalimoon
Translation
Allah
only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you
from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies of
them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the
wrongdoers.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
God
only forbids you in regard to those who waged war against you on account of
religion and expelled you from your homes and supported [others] in your
expulsion, that you should make friends with them (an tawallawhum is an
inclusive substitution for alladhīna, ‘those who’). And whoever makes friends
with them, those — they are the wrongdoers.
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ
ۖ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ
عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ ۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ
لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ ۖ وَآتُوهُم مَّا
أَنفَقُوا ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ
إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۚ وَلَا
تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا
أَنفَقُوا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ۖ يَحْكُمُ
بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha allatheena amanooitha jaakumu almu/minatu muhajiratinfamtahinoohunna
Allahu aAAlamu bi-eemanihinnafa-in AAalimtumoohunna mu/minatin
falatarjiAAoohunna ila alkuffari la hunna hillunlahum wala hum yahilloona
lahunna waatoohumma anfaqoo wala junaha AAalaykum an tankihoohunnaitha
ataytumoohunna ojoorahunna walatumsikoo biAAisami alkawafiri was-aloo
maanfaqtum walyas-aloo ma anfaqoo thalikum hukmuAllahi yahkumu baynakum wallahuAAaleemun
hakeem
Translation
O
you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants,
examine them. Allah is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to
be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful
[wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give the
disbelievers what they have spent. And there is no blame upon you if you marry
them when you have given them their due compensation. And hold not to marriage
bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them ask
for what they have spent. That is the judgement of Allah ; He judges between
you. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
you who believe, when believing women come to you, [saying] with their tongues
[that they are], emigrating, from the [company of] disbelievers — [this was]
following the truce concluded with them [the disbelievers] at al-Hudaybiyya to
the effect that if any of their number should go to [join] the believers, that
person should be sent back — test them, by making them swear that they had only
gone forth [from Mecca] because of their [sincere] wish to embrace Islam, and
not out of some hatred for their disbelieving husbands, nor because they might
be enamoured by some Muslim man: that was how the Prophet (s) used to take from
them their oaths. God knows best [the state of] their faith. Then, if you know
them, if you suppose them, on the basis of their oaths, to be believers, do not
send them back to the disbelievers. They [the women] are not lawful for them,
nor are they [the disbelievers] lawful for them. And give them, that is to say,
their disbelieving husbands, what they have expended, on them [on such women],
in the way of dowries. And you would not be at fault if you marry them, on that
[previous] condition, when you have given them their dowries. And do not hold
on (read tumassikū or tumsikū) to the [conjugal] ties of disbelieving women,
your wives, for your Islam automatically prohibits you from this, or [to the ties
of] those apostatising women who return to the idolaters, for [likewise] their
apostatising automatically prohibits you from marrying them, and ask for,
demand, [the return of] what you have expended, on these women, of dowries, in
the event of apostasy, from those disbelievers to whom they are married. And
let them ask for what they have expended, on those women who have emigrated, as
explained above, that it may be repaid to them. That is God’s judgement. He
judges between you, therewith, and God is Knower, Wise.
وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ
شَيْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ
ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَا أَنفَقُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا
اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنتُم بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ
Pronunciation
Wa-in
fatakum shay-on min azwajikumila alkuffari faAAaqabtum faatoo
allatheenathahabat azwajuhum mithla ma anfaqoo wattaqooAllaha allathee antum
bihi mu/minoon
Translation
And
if you have lost any of your wives to the disbelievers and you subsequently
obtain [something], then give those whose wives have gone the equivalent of
what they had spent. And fear Allah, in whom you are believers.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
if you lose any of your wives, that is to say, [if you lose] one or more of
them — or [it means if you lose] anything of their dowries — by [their] going,
to the disbelievers, as apostates, and so you retaliate, you embark upon a raid
and capture spoils [from them], then give those whose wives have gone, from the
spoils, the like of what they have expended, for their having lost it to the
disbelievers. And fear God in Whom you believe. And indeed the believers did
what they had been commanded to do in the way of paying [back] the disbelievers
[the dowries of their former wives] and the believers [the dowries of the women
who had apostatised]. Afterwards, however, this stipulation was annulled.
يَا أَيُّهَا
النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا
يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ
أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ
وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ
وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha annabiyyu ithajaaka almu/minatu yubayiAAnaka AAalaan la yushrikna
billahi shay-an walayasriqna wala yazneena wala yaqtulna awladahunnawala
ya/teena bibuhtanin yaftareenahu baynaaydeehinna waarjulihinna wala yaAAseenaka
feemaAAroofin fabayiAAhunna wastaghfir lahunna Allahainna Allaha ghafoorun
raheem
Translation
O
Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you that they will
not associate anything with Allah , nor will they steal, nor will they commit
unlawful sexual intercourse, nor will they kill their children, nor will they
bring forth a slander they have invented between their arms and legs, nor will
they disobey you in what is right - then accept their pledge and ask
forgiveness for them of Allah . Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
Prophet, if believing women come to you, pledging allegiance to you that they
will not ascribe anything as partner to God, and that they will not steal, nor
commit adultery, nor slay their children, as used to be done during the time of
pagandom (jāhiliyya), when they would bury new-born girls alive, fearing
ignominy and impoverishment, nor bring any lie that they have invented
[originating] between their hands and their legs, that is, [by bringing] a foundling
which they then [falsely] ascribe to the husband — it [the lie] is described in
terms of a real child, because when a woman gives birth to a child, it falls
between her hands and legs; nor disobey you in, doing, what is decent, which is
that which concords with obedience to God, such as refraining from wailing,
ripping apart [their] clothes [in grief], pulling out [their] hair, tearing
open the front of [their] garments or scratching [their] faces, then accept
their allegiance — the Prophet (s) did this [but] in words, and he did not
shake hands with any of them — and ask God to forgive them; surely God is
Forgiving, Merciful.
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ
يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha allatheena amanoola tatawallaw qawman ghadiba AllahuAAalayhim qad
ya-isoo mina al-akhirati kama ya-isaalkuffaru min as-habi alquboor
Translation
O
you who have believed, do not make allies of a people with whom Allah has
become angry. They have despaired of [reward in] the Hereafter just as the
disbelievers have despaired of [meeting] the inhabitants of the graves.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
you who believe, do not befriend a people against whom God is wrathful, namely,
the Jews. They have truly despaired of the Hereafter, of [attaining] its reward
— despite their being certain of its truth, out of obstinacy towards the
Prophet, even though they know him to be sincere — just as the disbelievers
have despaired — they [themselves] being — of those who are in the tombs, that
is to say, those who are entombed [and barred] from the good of the Hereafter,
for they are shown [both] their [would-have-been] places in Paradise, had they
believed, and the Fire for which they are destined.
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