Surat
Al-Muddaththir (The Cloaked One) - سورة المدثر
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
74:1
يَا أَيُّهَا
الْمُدَّثِّرُ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha almuddaththir
Translation
O
you who covers himself [with a garment],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
you enveloped in your mantle, the Prophet (s) (al-muddaththir is actually
al-mutadaththir, but the tā’ has been assimilated with the dāl) that is to say,
the one who is enwrapped in his clothes when the Revelation [Gabriel] comes
down on him,
قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ
Pronunciation
Qum
faanthir
Translation
Arise
and warn
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
arise
and warn: threaten the people of Mecca with [punishment in] the Fire should
they refuse to believe;
وَرَبَّكَ
فَكَبِّرْ
Pronunciation
Warabbaka
fakabbir
Translation
And
your Lord glorify
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
magnify your Lord, exalt [Him] above what is ascribed [to Him] by the
idolaters;
وَثِيَابَكَ
فَطَهِّرْ
Pronunciation
Wathiyabaka
fatahhir
Translation
And
your clothing purify
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
purify your clothes, from impurity, or [it means] shorten them, instead of
[imitating] the way in which the Arabs [are wont to] let their robes drag
[behind them], out of vanity, for perhaps they will be sullied by some
impurity;
وَالرُّجْزَ
فَاهْجُرْ
Pronunciation
Warrujza
fahjur
Translation
And
uncleanliness avoid
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
shun [all] defilement, [this rijz] was explained by the Prophet (s) to be the
graven images; in other words, persist in shunning them.
وَلَا تَمْنُن
تَسْتَكْثِرُ
Pronunciation
Wala
tamnun tastakthir
Translation
And
do not confer favor to acquire more
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
do not grant a favour seeking greater gain (read tastakthiru as a
circumstantial qualifier) in other words, do not give something in order to
demand more in return: this [stipulation] is specific to the Prophet (s), since
he is enjoined to [adopt] the fairest traits and the noblest of manners;
وَلِرَبِّكَ
فَاصْبِرْ
Pronunciation
Walirabbika
fasbir
Translation
But
for your Lord be patient.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
endure patiently for the sake of your Lord, [all His] commands and
prohibitions.
فَإِذَا نُقِرَ
فِي النَّاقُورِ
Pronunciation
Fa-itha
nuqira fee annaqoor
Translation
And
when the trumpet is blown,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
For
when the trumpet is sounded, when the trumpet is blown, that is, the Horn
(qarn), at the second blast,
فَذَٰلِكَ
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ
Pronunciation
Fathalika
yawma-ithin yawmunAAaseer
Translation
That
Day will be a difficult day
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
that
day, that is to say, the time of the sounding (yawma’idhin is a substitution
for the preceding subject, and is not declined because it is annexed to
something that cannot be declined; the predicate of the subject [is the
following]) will be a harsh day (idhā is operated by what is indicated by the
statement: ishtadda’l-amru, ‘[for when the trumpet is sounded] the situation
will be terrible’),
عَلَى
الْكَافِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ
Pronunciation
AAala
alkafireena ghayruyaseer
Translation
For
the disbelievers - not easy.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
for
the disbelievers, not at all easy: herein is an indication that it will be easy
for believers despite its harshness.
ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ
خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًا
Pronunciation
Tharnee
waman khalaqtu waheeda
Translation
Leave
Me with the one I created alone
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Leave
Me [to deal] with him whom I created (wa-man khalaqtu is a supplement to the
direct object, or [it is] an object of accompaniment) lonely (wahīdan is a
circumstantial qualifier referring to the man, ‘whom’, or to the pronoun
referring to it but omitted from khalaqtu [sc. khalaqtuhu]), alone, without
family or wealth — this was al-Walīd b. al-Mughīra al-Makhzūmī —
وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ
مَالًا مَّمْدُودًا
Pronunciation
WajaAAaltu
lahu malan mamdooda
Translation
And
to whom I granted extensive wealth
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
[then] assigned him ample means, abundant and continuous, [generated] from
[his] crops, livestock and commerce,
وَبَنِينَ
شُهُودًا
Pronunciation
Wabaneena
shuhooda
Translation
And
children present [with him]
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
sons, ten or more, present [by his side], present at social gatherings and
whose testimonies are listened to,
وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُ
تَمْهِيدًا
Pronunciation
Wamahhadtu
lahu tamheeda
Translation
And
spread [everything] before him, easing [his life].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
facilitated, extended, for him greatly, [his] livelihood, duration of life and
children.
ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ
أَنْ أَزِيدَ
Pronunciation
Thumma
yatmaAAu an azeed
Translation
Then
he desires that I should add more.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Still
he is eager that I should give [him] more.
كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ
لِآيَاتِنَا عَنِيدًا
Pronunciation
Kalla
innahu kana li-ayatinaAAaneeda
Translation
No!
Indeed, he has been toward Our verses obstinate.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay!,
I shall not give him more than that. He is indeed stubborn to Our signs, [to]
the Qur’ān.
سَأُرْهِقُهُ
صَعُودًا
Pronunciation
Saorhiquhu
saAAooda
Translation
I
will cover him with arduous torment.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
[Soon]
I shall burden him with a trying chastisement; alternatively [sa‘ūdan means] a
mountain of fire which he will be made to ascend and then fall down from,
forever.
إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ
وَقَدَّرَ
Pronunciation
Innahu
fakkara waqaddar
Translation
Indeed,
he thought and deliberated.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Indeed
he pondered, what to say about the Qur’ān which he heard from the Prophet (s),
and decided, this, in his mind.
فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ
قَدَّرَ
Pronunciation
Faqutila
kayfa qaddar
Translation
So
may he be destroyed [for] how he deliberated.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Perish
he, may he be cursed and chastised, how he decided!, [perish he] whatever the
nature of his decision may have been.
ثُمَّ قُتِلَ
كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ
Pronunciation
Thumma
qutila kayfa qaddar
Translation
Then
may he be destroyed [for] how he deliberated.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Again,
perish he, how he decided!
ثُمَّ نَظَرَ
Pronunciation
Thumma
nathar
Translation
Then
he considered [again];
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then
he contemplated, the faces of his people; or [he contemplated] with what
[words] he might cast aspersions upon it.
ثُمَّ عَبَسَ
وَبَسَرَ
Pronunciation
Thumma
AAabasa wabasar
Translation
Then
he frowned and scowled;
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then
he frowned, he contracted his face and glowered, anguished by what he wanted to
say, and scowled, increasing the contracting and the glowering [in his face].
ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ
وَاسْتَكْبَرَ
Pronunciation
Thumma
adbara wastakbar
Translation
Then
he turned back and was arrogant
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then
he turned his back, to faith, in disdain, scornful of following the Prophet
(s),
فَقَالَ إِنْ
هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ
Pronunciation
Faqala
in hatha illa sihrunyu/thar
Translation
And
said, "This is not but magic imitated [from others].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
said, of what he [the Prophet] had brought: ‘This is nothing but handed-down
sorcery, learnt from sorcerers;
إِنْ هَٰذَا
إِلَّا قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ
Pronunciation
In
hatha illa qawlu albashar
Translation
This
is not but the word of a human being."
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
this
is nothing but the speech of humans’, similar to what they [the idolaters] had
said: ‘It is only a human that is teaching him’ [Q. 16:103].
سَأُصْلِيهِ
سَقَرَ
Pronunciation
Saosleehi
saqar
Translation
I
will drive him into Saqar.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
I
shall [soon] admit him into Saqar! — Hell.
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ
مَا سَقَرُ
Pronunciation
Wama
adraka ma saqar
Translation
And
what can make you know what is Saqar?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
how would you know what is Saqar? — this [interrogative] is intended to emphasise
its enormity.
لَا تُبْقِي
وَلَا تَذَرُ
Pronunciation
La
tubqee wala tathar
Translation
It
lets nothing remain and leaves nothing [unburned],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
It
neither spares nor leaves behind, anything of flesh or nerve, but destroys it
[all], after which he is restored to his former state.
لَوَّاحَةٌ
لِّلْبَشَرِ
Pronunciation
Lawwahatun
lilbashar
Translation
Blackening
the skins.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
It
burns away the flesh, scorching the surface of skin.
عَلَيْهَا
تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
Pronunciation
AAalayha
tisAAata AAashar
Translation
Over
it are nineteen [angels].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
There
are nineteen [keepers] standing over it, angels, its keepers; a certain
disbeliever, who was a mighty stalwart, said, ‘I will avail you seventeen of
them, if you avail me [just] two’. God, exalted be He, says:
وَمَا جَعَلْنَا
أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً ۙ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا
عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ
أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِيمَانًا ۙ وَلَا يَرْتَابَ
الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۙ وَلِيَقُولَ
الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ
بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَن يَشَاءُ
وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ
جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَمَا هِيَ
إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ
Pronunciation
Wama
jaAAalna as-habaannari illa mala-ikatan wamajaAAalna AAiddatahum illa fitnatan
lillatheenakafaroo liyastayqina allatheena ootoo alkitabawayazdada allatheena
amanoo eemananwala yartaba allatheena ootoo alkitabawalmu/minoona waliyaqoola
allatheena feequloobihim maradun walkafiroona mathaarada Allahu bihatha
mathalan kathalikayudillu Allahu man yashao wayahdee man yashaowama yaAAlamu
junooda rabbika illa huwa wamahiya illa thikra lilbashar
Translation
And
We have not made the keepers of the Fire except angels. And We have not made
their number except as a trial for those who disbelieve - that those who were
given the Scripture will be convinced and those who have believed will increase
in faith and those who were given the Scripture and the believers will not
doubt and that those in whose hearts is hypocrisy and the disbelievers will
say, "What does Allah intend by this as an example?" Thus does Allah
leave astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none knows the soldiers
of your Lord except Him. And mention of the Fire is not but a reminder to
humanity.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
We have appointed only angels as wardens of the Fire, in other words, and so
they cannot be withstood as these [disbelievers are wont to] imagine; and We have
made their number, so, only as a stumbling-block, a cause for error, for those
who disbelieve, when they then say, ‘Why are there nineteen of them?’, so that
those who were given the Scripture, namely, the Jews, may be certain, of the
sincerity of the Prophet (s) in [saying that] they are nineteen, for this
concords with what is in their Scripture; and that those who believe, from
among the People of the Scripture, may increase in faith, in affirmation of the
truth, given that what the Prophet (s) has said concords with what is in their
Scripture, and that those given the Scripture and the believers, [those] other
than these [Jews], may not be in doubt, concerning the number of [these]
angels, and that those in whose hearts there is a sickness, an uncertainty,
[those] in Medina, and the disbelievers, in Mecca, may say, ‘What did God mean
by this, number [as a], similitude?’ (mathalan: they referred to it thus [as a
mathal] on account of it being a curious matter; in terms of syntax, it
[mathalan] is a circumstantial qualifier). Thus, that is, just as the one who
rejects this number is led astray and the one who affirms the truth of it is
guided, God leads astray whom He will and guides whom He will. And none knows
the hosts of your Lord, namely, the angels, [none knows them] in terms of their
strength and their assistants, except Him. And it, that is, Saqar, is nothing
but a reminder for humans.
كَلَّا
وَالْقَمَرِ
Pronunciation
Kalla
walqamar
Translation
No!
By the moon
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay,
(kallā: denoting a commencement [of a new sentence], to be understood as alā)
by the moon!
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذْ
أَدْبَرَ
Pronunciation
Wallayli
ith adbar
Translation
And
[by] the night when it departs
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
by the night when it returns! (if read as idhā dabara), when it comes back
after day (a variant reading has idh adbara, meaning ‘when it has receded’).
وَالصُّبْحِ
إِذَا أَسْفَرَ
Pronunciation
Wassubhi
ithaasfar
Translation
And
[by] the morning when it brightens,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
by the dawn when it appears!
إِنَّهَا
لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ
Pronunciation
Innaha
la-ihda alkubar
Translation
Indeed,
the Fire is of the greatest [afflictions]
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Verily
it, that is, Saqar, is one of the enormities, [one of] the greatest calamities
—
نَذِيرًا لِّلْبَشَرِ
Pronunciation
Natheeran
lilbashar
Translation
As
a warning to humanity -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
a
warning (nadhīran is a circumstantial qualifier referring to ihdā, ‘one of’,
and it is masculine because it denotes [masculine] ‘adhāb, ‘chastisement’) to [all]
humans;
لِمَن شَاءَ
مِنكُمْ أَن يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ
Pronunciation
Liman
shaa minkum an yataqaddama awyataakhkhar
Translation
To
whoever wills among you to proceed or stay behind.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
[alike]
to those of you who wish (li-man shā’a minkum is a substitution for
li’l-bashar, ‘to [all] humans’) to advance, towards good, or towards Paradise
by means of faith, or linger behind, in evil, or in Hell because of [their]
disbelief.
كُلُّ نَفْسٍ
بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ
Pronunciation
Kullu
nafsin bima kasabat raheena
Translation
Every
soul, for what it has earned, will be retained
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Every
soul is held to ransom by what it earns, [it is] ransomed and requited for its
deeds with the Fire,
إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ
الْيَمِينِ
Pronunciation
Illa
as-haba alyameen
Translation
Except
the companions of the right,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
except
those of the right [hand], namely, the believers who will be saved from it, and
[who] will be,
فِي جَنَّاتٍ
يَتَسَاءَلُونَ
Pronunciation
Fee
jannatin yatasaaloon
Translation
[Who
will be] in gardens, questioning each other
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
in
gardens, questioning one another,
عَنِ
الْمُجْرِمِينَ
Pronunciation
AAani
almujrimeen
Translation
About
the criminals,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
about
the guilty, and their predicament; and they will say to them, after all those
who believed in the One God (muwahhidūn) are brought out of the Fire:
مَا سَلَكَكُمْ
فِي سَقَرَ
Pronunciation
Ma
salakakum fee saqar
Translation
[And
asking them], "What put you into Saqar?"
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
‘What
has landed you in, [what has] made you enter, Saqar?’
قَالُوا لَمْ
نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ
Pronunciation
Qaloo
lam naku mina almusalleen
Translation
They
will say, "We were not of those who prayed,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
They
will say, ‘We were not of those who prayed.
وَلَمْ نَكُ
نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ
Pronunciation
Walam
naku nutAAimu almiskeen
Translation
Nor
did we used to feed the poor.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nor
did we [ever] feed the needy.
وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ
مَعَ الْخَائِضِينَ
Pronunciation
Wakunna
nakhoodu maAAa alkha-ideen
Translation
And
we used to enter into vain discourse with those who engaged [in it],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
we used to delve, into falsehood, along with those who delved,
وَكُنَّا
نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ
Pronunciation
Wakunna
nukaththibu biyawmi addeen
Translation
And
we used to deny the Day of Recompense
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
we used to deny the Day of Judgement, [the Day] of Resurrection and Requital,
حَتَّىٰ أَتَانَا
الْيَقِينُ
Pronunciation
Hatta
atanaalyaqeen
Translation
Until
there came to us the certainty."
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
until
[finally] the inevitable came to us’ — death.
فَمَا
تَنفَعُهُمْ شَفَاعَةُ الشَّافِعِينَ
Pronunciation
Fama
tanfaAAuhum shafaAAatu ashshafiAAeen
Translation
So
there will not benefit them the intercession of [any] intercessors.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Thus
the intercession of the intercessors, from among the angels, the prophets and
the righteous, will not avail them, in other words, there will be no
intercession for them.
فَمَا لَهُمْ
عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ
Pronunciation
Fama
lahum AAani attathkiratimuAArideen
Translation
Then
what is [the matter] with them that they are, from the reminder, turning away
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
what (fa-mā: the subject) is wrong with them (lahum: the predicate thereof,
semantically connected to an omitted clause, the person of which has been
transposed onto it) that they turn away (mu‘ridīna is a circumstantial
qualifier referring to the [suffixed] pronoun [in lahum, ‘them’]) from the
Reminder — in other words, ‘what has happened to them that they have turned
away from admonition’ —
كَأَنَّهُمْ
حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Kaannahum
humurun mustanfira
Translation
As
if they were alarmed donkeys
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
as
if they were wild asses
فَرَّتْ مِن
قَسْوَرَةٍ
Pronunciation
Farrat
min qaswara
Translation
Fleeing
from a lion?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
fleeing
from a lion?, that is to say, fleeing from it with absolute fright.
بَلْ يُرِيدُ
كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُؤْتَىٰ صُحُفًا مُّنَشَّرَةً
Pronunciation
Bal
yureedu kullu imri-in minhum an yu/tasuhufan munashshara
Translation
Rather,
every person among them desires that he would be given scriptures spread about.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay,
but everyone of them desires to be given unrolled scrolls, from God, exalted be
He, [enjoining them] to follow the Prophet (s), as they said [before], ‘And
[even then] we will not believe your ascension until you bring down for us a
book that we may read’ [Q. 17:93].
كَلَّا ۖ بَل لَّا
يَخَافُونَ الْآخِرَةَ
Pronunciation
Kalla
bal la yakhafoonaal-akhira
Translation
No!
But they do not fear the Hereafter.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No
indeed! (kallā: a deterrent of what they desire). Rather they do not fear the
Hereafter, that is, the chastisement thereof.
كَلَّا إِنَّهُ
تَذْكِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Kalla
innahu tathkira
Translation
No!
Indeed, the Qur'an is a reminder
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No
indeed! (kallā: a commencement [of a new sentence]) Assuredly it, that is, the
Qur’ān, is a Reminder, an admonition.
فَمَن شَاءَ
ذَكَرَهُ
Pronunciation
Faman
shaa thakarah
Translation
Then
whoever wills will remember it.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
whoever wills shall remember it, he shall read it and be admonished by it.
وَمَا
يَذْكُرُونَ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ هُوَ أَهْلُ
التَّقْوَىٰ وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ
Pronunciation
Wama
yathkuroona illaan yashaa Allahu huwa ahlu attaqwawaahlu almaghfirat
Translation
And
they will not remember except that Allah wills. He is worthy of fear and
adequate for [granting] forgiveness.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
they will not remember (yadhkurūna or [read second person plural] tadhkurūna)
unless God wills [it]. He is [the One] worthy of [your] fear, and [the One]
worthy to forgive, by forgiving those who fear Him.
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