Surat
Muĥammad (Muhammad) - سورة محمد
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
47:1
الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Allatheena
kafaroo wasaddooAAan sabeeli Allahi adalla aAAmalahum
Translation
Those
who disbelieve and avert [people] from the way of Allah - He will waste their
deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Those
who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca, and bar, others, from the way
of God, that is to say, [from] faith, He will leave their works to waste, such
as giving food [to the poor] or being kind to kin, and so they will find no
reward for these [works of theirs] in the Hereafter; [but] they are requited
for them in this world [purely] out of His bounty, exalted be He.
وَالَّذِينَ
آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ
وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ ۙ كَفَّرَ
عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
amanoowaAAamiloo assalihati waamanoo bimanuzzila AAala muhammadin wahuwa
alhaqqu minrabbihim kaffara AAanhum sayyi-atihim waaslahabalahum
Translation
And
those who believe and do righteous deeds and believe in what has been sent down
upon Muhammad - and it is the truth from their Lord - He will remove from them
their misdeeds and amend their condition.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
those who believe, namely, the Helpers (al-Ansār) and others [like them], and
perform righteous deeds and believe in what has been revealed to Muhammad,
namely, the Qur’ān — and it is the truth from their Lord — He will absolve them
of, He will forgive them, their misdeeds and rightly dispose their mind, their
state, so that they do not disobey Him.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْبَاطِلَ وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّبَعُوا
الْحَقَّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ
يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْثَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Thalika
bi-anna allatheenakafaroo ittabaAAoo albatila waanna allatheena
amanooittabaAAoo alhaqqa min rabbihim kathalika yadribuAllahu linnasi
amthalahum
Translation
That
is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, and those who believe follow
the truth from their Lord. Thus does Allah present to the people their
comparisons.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
That,
rendering void of their works and the absolution of evil deeds, is because those
who disbelieve follow falsehood, Satan, and because those who believe follow
the truth, the Qur’ān, from their Lord. Thus, in the same manner of
clarification, does God strike for mankind similitudes of themselves, [that is
how] He clarifies for them their states, in other words, the disbeliever has
his work rendered void while the believer is forgiven.
فَإِذَا
لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ
فَشُدُّوا الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ
الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ
يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ لَانتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُم بِبَعْضٍ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ
قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Fa-itha
laqeetumu allatheenakafaroo fadarba arriqabi hattaitha athkhantumoohum
fashuddoo alwathaqa fa-immamannan baAAdu wa-imma fidaan hatta tadaAAaalharbu
awzaraha thalika walaw yashaoAllahu lantasara minhum walakinliyabluwa baAAdakum
bibaAAdin wallatheenaqutiloo fee sabeeli Allahi falan yudillaaAAmalahum
Translation
So
when you meet those who disbelieve [in battle], strike [their] necks until,
when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds, and
either [confer] favor afterwards or ransom [them] until the war lays down its
burdens. That [is the command]. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken
vengeance upon them [Himself], but [He ordered armed struggle] to test some of
you by means of others. And those who are killed in the cause of Allah - never
will He waste their deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
when you encounter [in battle] those who disbelieve, then [attack them with] a
striking of the necks (fa-darba’l-riqābi is a verbal noun in place of the
[full] verbal construction, that is to say, fa’dribū riqābahum, ‘then strike
their necks’), in other words, slay them — reference is made to the ‘striking
of the necks’ because the predominant cause of being slayed is to be struck in
the neck. Then, when you have made thoroughly decimated them, bind, spare them,
take them captive and bind firmly, the bonds (al-wathāq is what is used to bind
[yūthaqu] a captive). Thereafter either [set them free] by grace (mannan is a
verbal noun in place of the [full] verbal construction), that is to say, either
show them grace by setting them free unconditionally; or by ransom, ransoming
them with payment or with Muslim captives, until the war, that is to say, its
participants, lay down its burdens, its heavy loads of weaponry and other
things, so that either the disbelievers surrender or enter into a treaty. This
[last clause] constitutes the ‘purpose’ of [enjoining the Muslims to] slaying
and taking captive. So [shall it be] (dhālika is the predicate of an implied
subject, [such as] al-amr, ‘the ordinance’, in other words, ‘the ordinance [of
God] regarding them is as mentioned’). And had God willed, He could have
[Himself] taken vengeance on them, without any fighting, but, He has commanded
you to [do] it, that He may test some of you by means of others, from among
them, by way of battle, so that the slain among you will end up in Paradise,
while those [slain] among them [will end up] in the Fire. And those who are
slain (qutilū: a variant reading has qātalū, ‘those who fight’) — this verse
was revealed on the day of [the battle of] Uhud, after the dead and the wounded
had become numerous among the Muslims — in the way of God, He will not let
their works go to waste, He will [not] render [them] void.
سَيَهْدِيهِمْ
وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
sayahdeehim
wayuslihu balahum
Translation
He
will guide them and amend their condition
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
He
will guide them, in this world and in the Hereafter to what benefits them, and
rightly dispose their minds, their condition in both, with that [guidance and
disposal] in this world being for those who were not slain, but who have been
included in [the statement] ‘and those who were slain’ (qutilū) because of
[the] predominance therein [of those who were slain].
وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ
الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Wayudkhiluhumu
aljannata AAarrafahalahum
Translation
And
admit them to Paradise, which He has made known to them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
He will admit them into Paradise, which He has made known, [which] He has
pointed out, to them, so that they are guided to their dwellings in it, and to
their spouses and servants without asking to be shown the way.
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِن تَنصُرُوا اللَّهَ يَنصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha allatheena amanooin tansuroo Allaha yansurkum wayuthabbit aqdamakum
Translation
O
you who have believed, if you support Allah, He will support you and plant
firmly your feet.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
you who believe! If you help God, that is to say, His religion and His
Messenger, He will help you, against your enemy, and make your foothold firm,
He will make you stand firm [while you fight] on the battleground.
وَالَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا فَتَعْسًا لَّهُمْ وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
kafaroo fataAAsanlahum waadalla aAAmalahum
Translation
But
those who disbelieve - for them is misery, and He will waste their deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
as for those who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca (wa’lladhīna kafarū
is the subject, the predicate of which is [an implicit] ta‘isū, ‘they shall be
wretched’, as indicated [by what follows]) wretchedness shall be their lot,
that is, destruction and defeat from God. And He will make their works go to
waste (wa-adalla a‘mālahum is a supplement to [the implied] ta‘isū, ‘they shall
be wretched’).
ذَٰلِكَ
بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Thalika
bi-annahum karihoo maanzala Allahu faahbata aAAmalahum
Translation
That
is because they disliked what Allah revealed, so He rendered worthless their
deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
That,
wretchedness and wasting [of their works], is because they are averse to what
God has revealed, of the Qur’ān with all that it includes of religious
obligations (takālīf), so He has made their works fail.
أَفَلَمْ
يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن
قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ دَمَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ
وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ أَمْثَالُهَا
Pronunciation
Afalam
yaseeroo fee al-ardi fayanthurookayfa kana AAaqibatu allatheena min
qablihimdammara Allahu AAalayhim walilkafireena amthaluha
Translation
Have
they not traveled through the land and seen how was the end of those before
them? Allah destroyed [everything] over them, and for the disbelievers is
something comparable.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Have
they not travelled in the land to see the nature of the consequence for those
who were before them? God destroyed them — He destroyed them, their children
and their possessions; and [a fate] the like thereof will be for the
disbelievers, that is to say, the like of the fate of those before them.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ
اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ لَا مَوْلَىٰ لَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Thalika
bi-anna Allaha mawlaallatheena amanoo waanna alkafireena lamawla lahum
Translation
That
is because Allah is the protector of those who have believed and because the
disbelievers have no protector.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
That,
granting of victory to the believers and the vanquishing of the disbelievers,
is because God is Patron, Ally and Helper, of those who believe and because the
disbelievers have no patron.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ
يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن
تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا يَتَمَتَّعُونَ وَيَأْكُلُونَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْعَامُ وَالنَّارُ
مَثْوًى لَّهُمْ
Pronunciation
Inna
Allaha yudkhilu allatheenaamanoo waAAamiloo assalihati jannatintajree min
tahtiha al-anharu wallatheenakafaroo yatamattaAAoona waya/kuloona kama ta/kulu
al-anAAamuwannaru mathwan lahum
Translation
Indeed,
Allah will admit those who have believed and done righteous deeds to gardens
beneath which rivers flow, but those who disbelieve enjoy themselves and eat as
grazing livestock eat, and the Fire will be a residence for them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
God
will surely admit those who believe and perform righteous deeds into gardens
underneath which rivers flow. As for those who disbelieve, they take their
enjoyment, in this world, and eat as the cattle eat, that is to say, they are
only concerned with [filling] their bellies and [satisfying] their private
parts, without giving any thought to the Hereafter; and the Fire will be their
habitation, their home, their station and their [final] destination.
وَكَأَيِّن مِّن
قَرْيَةٍ هِيَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِّن قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَتْكَ
أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ فَلَا نَاصِرَ لَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Wakaayyin
min qaryatin hiya ashaddu quwwatanmin qaryatika allatee akhrajatka ahlaknahum
fala nasiralahum
Translation
And
how many a city was stronger than your city [Makkah] which drove you out? We
destroyed them; and there was no helper for them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
how many (ka-ayyin means kam) a town, by which is meant the inhabitants
thereof, mightier in power than your town, Mecca, that is to say, its
inhabitants, which expelled you (akhrajatka [is feminine despite the plural
sense of inhabitants meant is because it] takes into account the [feminine]
form of qarya, ‘town’), have We destroyed (ahlaknāhum takes into account the
former [plural] import of qarya, ‘town’), and they had none to help them,
against Our destruction [of them].
أَفَمَن كَانَ
عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّهِ كَمَن زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَاتَّبَعُوا
أَهْوَاءَهُم
Pronunciation
Afaman
kana AAala bayyinatinmin rabbihi kaman zuyyina lahu soo-o AAamalihi
wattabaAAooahwaahum
Translation
So
is he who is on clear evidence from his Lord like him to whom the evil of his
work has been made attractive and they follow their [own] desires?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Is
he who follows a clear sign, a definitive argument and proof, from his Lord,
and these are the believers, like those whose evil deeds have been adorned for
them, so that they see them as fair [deeds], and these are the disbelievers of
Mecca, and who follow their desires?, by worshipping graven images. In other
words, there is no similarity between the two.
مَّثَلُ
الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ ۖ فِيهَا
أَنْهَارٌ مِّن مَّاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِّن لَّبَنٍ لَّمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ
طَعْمُهُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِّنْ خَمْرٍ لَّذَّةٍ لِّلشَّارِبِينَ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِّنْ
عَسَلٍ مُّصَفًّى ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ
وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ كَمَنْ هُوَ
خَالِدٌ فِي النَّارِ وَسُقُوا مَاءً حَمِيمًا فَقَطَّعَ أَمْعَاءَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Mathalu
aljannati allatee wuAAidaalmuttaqoona feeha anharun min ma-in ghayri
asininwaanharun min labanin lam yataghayyar taAAmuhuwaanharun min khamrin
laththatin lishsharibeenawaanharun min AAasalin musaffan walahum feehamin kulli
aththamarati wamaghfiratun min rabbihimkaman huwa khalidun fee annari wasuqoo
maanhameeman faqattaAAa amAAaahum
Translation
Is
the description of Paradise, which the righteous are promised, wherein are
rivers of water unaltered, rivers of milk the taste of which never changes,
rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and rivers of purified honey, in
which they will have from all [kinds of] fruits and forgiveness from their
Lord, like [that of] those who abide eternally in the Fire and are given to
drink scalding water that will sever their intestines?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
A
similitude, a description, of the Garden promised to the God-fearing: [the
Garden] that is shared equally by all those who enter it (this first clause is
the subject, of which the predicate [follows:]) therein are rivers of unstaling
water (read āsin or asin, similar [in form] to dārib, ‘striker’, and hadhir,
‘cautious’), that is to say, one that does not change, in contrast to the water
of this world, which may change due to some factor; and rivers of milk
unchanging in flavour, in contrast to the milk of this world, on account of its
issuing from udders, and rivers of wine delicious to the drinkers, in contrast
to the wine of this world, which is distasteful to drink; and [also] rivers of
purified honey, in contrast to the honey of this world, which when it issues
out of the bellies of bees becomes mixed with wax and other elements; and there
will be for them therein, varieties [of], every fruit and forgiveness from their
Lord, for He is pleased with them, in addition to His beneficence towards them
in the way mentioned, in contrast to one who is a master of servants in this
world, who while being kind to them may at the same time be wrathful with them.
[Is such a one] like him who abides in the Fire? (ka-man huwa khālidun
fī’l-nāri, the predicate of an implied subject, which is a-man huwa fī
hādha’l-na‘īm, ‘Is one who is amidst such bliss [as him who abides in the
Fire]?’). And they will be given to drink boiling water which rips apart their
bowels, that is, their entrails, so that these will be excreted from their
rears. (Am‘ā’, ‘bowels’, is the plural of mi‘an, its alif being derived from
the yā’ of their saying mi‘yān [as an alternative singular to mi‘an]).
وَمِنْهُم مَّن
يَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْكَ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا خَرَجُوا مِنْ عِندِكَ قَالُوا لِلَّذِينَ
أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مَاذَا قَالَ آنِفًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ
الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Waminhum
man yastamiAAu ilayka hattaitha kharajoo min AAindika qaloo lillatheenaootoo
alAAilma matha qala anifan ola-ikaallatheena tabaAAa Allahu AAalaquloobihim
wattabaAAoo ahwaahum
Translation
And
among them, [O Muhammad], are those who listen to you, until when they depart
from you, they say to those who were given knowledge, "What has he said
just now?" Those are the ones of whom Allah has sealed over their hearts
and who have followed their [own] desires.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
there are some among them, namely, the disbelievers, who listen to you, during
the Friday sermon — and these are the hypocrites; until, when they go forth
from you, they say to those who have been given knowledge, that is to say, to
the knowledgeable ones among the Companions [of the Prophet], such as [‘Abd
Allāh] Ibn Mas‘ūd and [‘Abd Allāh] Ibn ‘Abbās, in derision and mockery: ‘What
was he saying just now?’ (read ānifan or anifan, meaning al-sā‘a, ‘just now’).
In other words, [they mean to say] ‘we will not go back to [listen to] him
again’. Those are the ones on whose hearts God has set a seal, of disbelief,
and who follow their own desires, in [acting with] hypocrisy.
وَالَّذِينَ
اهْتَدَوْا زَادَهُمْ هُدًى وَآتَاهُمْ تَقْوَاهُمْ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
ihtadaw zadahumhudan waatahum taqwahum
Translation
And
those who are guided - He increases them in guidance and gives them their
righteousness.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
those who are [rightly] guided, namely, the believers, He, God, enhances their
guidance and invests them with fear [of Him], He inspires them to [do] that by
which they can be wary of [ending up in] the Fire.
فَهَلْ
يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا السَّاعَةَ أَن تَأْتِيَهُم بَغْتَةً ۖ فَقَدْ جَاءَ
أَشْرَاطُهَا ۚ فَأَنَّىٰ لَهُمْ إِذَا جَاءَتْهُمْ
ذِكْرَاهُمْ
Pronunciation
Fahal
yanthuroona illaassaAAata an ta/tiyahum baghtatan faqad jaaashratuha faanna
lahum itha jaat-humthikrahum
Translation
Then
do they await except that the Hour should come upon them unexpectedly? But
already there have come [some of] its indications. Then what good to them, when
it has come, will be their remembrance?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Do
they, then, await, they do not await, namely, the disbelievers of Mecca,
anything except that the Hour should come upon them (an ta’tiyahum is an
inclusive substitution for al-sā‘ata, ‘the Hour’; in other words, it cannot be
other than that it will come upon them […]) suddenly? For already its portents,
the signs thereof, have come, among which are the sending of the Prophet (s),
the splitting of the Moon [Q. 54:1] and the Smoke [Q. 44:10]. So, when it, the
Hour, has come upon them, for what [benefit] will their reminder be?, their
remembering; in other words, it will be of no benefit to them.
فَاعْلَمْ
أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنبِكَ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ
وَمَثْوَاكُمْ
Pronunciation
FaAAlam
annahu la ilahailla Allahu wastaghfir lithanbikawalilmu/mineena walmu/minati wallahuyaAAlamu
mutaqallabakum wamathwakum
Translation
So
know, [O Muhammad], that there is no deity except Allah and ask forgiveness for
your sin and for the believing men and believing women. And Allah knows of your
movement and your resting place.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Know,
then, that there is no god except God, that is to say, adhere, O Muhammad (s),
to knowledge of this [fact] that will benefit you at the Resurrection, and ask
forgiveness for your sin — this was said to him, despite his infallibility
(‘isma), so that his community might emulate him [in this respect]. Indeed he
did do this. The Prophet (s) said, ‘Verily I do ask God for forgiveness a
hundred times every day’ — and for the believing men and believing women —
herein is an honouring for them, by having their Prophet enjoined to ask
forgiveness for them. And God knows your going to and fro, your bustle during
the day in pursuit of your business, and your place of rest, when you retire to
where you sleep at night. In other words, He has knowledge of all your states,
nothing of which can be hidden from Him, so be mindful of Him — the address [in
this verse] is meant for believers as well as others.
وَيَقُولُ
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَوْلَا نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌ ۖ فَإِذَا
أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ مُّحْكَمَةٌ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالُ ۙ رَأَيْتَ
الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ الْمَغْشِيِّ
عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ ۖ فَأَوْلَىٰ
لَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Wayaqoolu
allatheena amanoolawla nuzzilat sooratun fa-itha onzilat sooratun
muhkamatunwathukira feeha alqitalu raayta allatheenafee quloobihim maradun
yanthuroona ilayka natharaalmaghshiyyi AAalayhi mina almawti faawla lahum
Translation
Those
who believe say, "Why has a surah not been sent down? But when a precise
surah is revealed and fighting is mentioned therein, you see those in whose
hearts is hypocrisy looking at you with a look of one overcome by death. And
more appropriate for them [would have been]
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
those who believe say, seeking to take part in the struggle: ‘Why has a sūra
not been revealed?’, [one] in which there is mention of the [command to
participate in the] struggle. But when a definitive sūra is revealed, one in
which nothing is abrogated (naskh), and fighting, that is to say, requirement
for it, is mentioned in it, you see those in whose hearts is a sickness, that
is, doubt — and they are the hypocrites — looking at you with the look of
someone fainting at [the point of] death, because of [their] fear of it and [their]
aversion to it; in other words, they fear fighting and are averse to it. Yet
more fitting for them (fa-awlā lahum is a subject, the predicate of which [is
the following, tā‘atun wa-qawlun ma‘rūfun])
طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ
مَّعْرُوفٌ ۚ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الْأَمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُوا
اللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ
Pronunciation
TaAAatun
waqawlun maAAroofun fa-ithaAAazama al-amru falaw sadaqoo Allaha lakanakhayran
lahum
Translation
Obedience
and good words. And when the matter [of fighting] was determined, if they had
been true to Allah , it would have been better for them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
would
be [to offer] obedience and honourable words, that is, [words] that are kind to
you. Then, when the matter has been resolved upon, that is to say, [when]
fighting has been prescribed, if they are loyal to God, in faith and obedience,
it will be better for them (the sentence beginning with law, ‘if’, constitutes
the response to idhā, ‘when’).
فَهَلْ
عَسَيْتُمْ إِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَن تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا
أَرْحَامَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Fahal
AAasaytum in tawallaytum an tufsidoofee al-ardi watuqattiAAoo arhamakum
Translation
So
would you perhaps, if you turned away, cause corruption on earth and sever your
[ties of] relationship?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
May
it not be [the case] with you, (read ‘asītum or ‘asaytum; there is a shift here
from the third person to the second person address), that if you were to turn
away, [if] you were to shun faith, you would then cause corruption in the land
and sever your kinship ties?, in other words, [that] you would then return to
the ways of pagandom such as belligerence and fighting.
أُولَٰئِكَ
الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَىٰ أَبْصَارَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Ola-ika
allatheena laAAanahumuAllahu faasammahum waaAAma absarahum
Translation
Those
[who do so] are the ones that Allah has cursed, so He deafened them and blinded
their vision.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Those,
that is, the agents of corruption, are the ones whom God has cursed, so made
them deaf, to hearing the truth, and blinded their eyes, to the path of
guidance.
أَفَلَا
يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ أَمْ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَا
Pronunciation
Afala
yatadabbaroona alqur-anaam AAala quloobin aqfaluha
Translation
Then
do they not reflect upon the Qur'an, or are there locks upon [their] hearts?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Do
they not contemplate the Qur’ān?, and so recognise the truth. Or (am here is
like bal, ‘nay, but’) is it that there are locks on, their, hearts?, so they
are unable to comprehend it.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
ارْتَدُّوا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِهِم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَى ۙ الشَّيْطَانُ
سَوَّلَ لَهُمْ وَأَمْلَىٰ لَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Inna
allatheena irtaddoo AAalaadbarihim min baAAdi ma tabayyana lahumu
alhudaashshaytanu sawwala lahum waamla lahum
Translation
Indeed,
those who reverted back [to disbelief] after guidance had become clear to them
- Satan enticed them and prolonged hope for them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Truly
those who have turned, by way of hypocrisy, their backs after the guidance has
become clear to them, Satan has seduced, he has adorned [disbelief for], them
and has given them [false] hopes (read wa-umliya lahum, ‘[false] hopes have
been given to them’, or wa-amlā lahum, where the one who gives the [false]
hopes is Satan, [but only] by God’s will, exalted be He, for he [Satan] is the
one who leads them astray).
ذَٰلِكَ
بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لِلَّذِينَ كَرِهُوا مَا نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ سَنُطِيعُكُمْ فِي
بَعْضِ الْأَمْرِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِسْرَارَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Thalika
bi-annahum qaloo lillatheenakarihoo ma nazzala Allahu sanuteeAAukum feebaAAdi
al-amri wallahu yaAAlamu israrahum
Translation
That
is because they said to those who disliked what Allah sent down, "We will
obey you in part of the matter." And Allah knows what they conceal.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
That,
leading of them astray, is because they said to those who were averse to what
God revealed, namely, to the idolaters: ‘We will obey you in some matters’,
that is to say, by cooperating to maintain enmity against the Prophet (s) and
preventing people from participating in the struggle alongside him: they had
said as much secretly, but God, exalted be He, exposed it; and God knows their
secrets (read asrārahum, as the plural of sirr, ‘a secret’, or isrārahum,
‘their keeping [of things] secret’, as the verbal noun).
فَكَيْفَ إِذَا
تَوَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Fakayfa
itha tawaffat-humu almala-ikatuyadriboona wujoohahum waadbarahum
Translation
Then
how [will it be] when the angels take them in death, striking their faces and
their backs?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then
how will it be, their predicament, when the angels take them away, beating
(yadribūna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the angels) their faces
and their backs?, with hooked iron rods.
ذَٰلِكَ
بِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُوا مَا أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ وَكَرِهُوا رِضْوَانَهُ فَأَحْبَطَ
أَعْمَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Thalika
bi-annahumu ittabaAAoo maaskhata Allaha wakarihoo ridwanahufaahbata aAAmalahum
Translation
That
is because they followed what angered Allah and disliked [what earns] His
pleasure, so He rendered worthless their deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
That,
taking of them away in the state mentioned, is because they followed what
angers God, and [because] they were averse to what pleases Him, that is to say,
[they were averse to] doing what pleases Him. Therefore He has made their works
fail.
أَمْ حَسِبَ
الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ أَن لَّن يُخْرِجَ اللَّهُ أَضْغَانَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Am
hasiba allatheena feequloobihim maradun an lan yukhrija Allahu adghanahum
Translation
Or
do those in whose hearts is disease think that Allah would never expose their
[feelings of] hatred?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Or
did those in whose hearts is a sickness suppose that God would not expose their
rancour?, [that] He would [not] bring to light their spite against the Prophet
(s) and the believers.
وَلَوْ نَشَاءُ
لَأَرَيْنَاكَهُمْ فَلَعَرَفْتَهُم بِسِيمَاهُمْ ۚ
وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ
يَعْلَمُ أَعْمَالَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Walaw
nashao laaraynakahumfalaAAaraftahum biseemahum walataAArifannahum fee
lahnialqawli wallahu yaAAlamu aAAmalakum
Translation
And
if We willed, We could show them to you, and you would know them by their mark;
but you will surely know them by the tone of [their] speech. And Allah knows
your deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
if We will, We could show them to you, We could have pointed them out to you
(the lām is repeated in [the following, fa-la-‘araftahum]), then you would
recognise them by their mark. And you will certainly recognise them (wa-la-ta‘rifannahum:
the wāw is for an omitted oath, and what follows it [fī lahni’l-qawl] is its
response) by [their] tone of speech, that is to say, [by] the meaning thereof
when they speak in your presence, alluding [as they do] to what amounts to a
scathing attack upon the Muslims; and God knows your deeds.
وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ
حَتَّىٰ نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ
أَخْبَارَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Walanabluwannakum
hattanaAAlama almujahideena minkum wassabireenawanabluwa akhbarakum
Translation
And
We will surely test you until We make evident those who strive among you [for
the cause of Allah ] and the patient, and We will test your affairs.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
We will assuredly try you, We will assuredly test you by way of [commanding you
to participate in] the struggle and in other ways, until We know, with
knowledge outwardly manifested, those of you who struggle [for God’s cause] and
those who are steadfast, in [adhering to] the struggle and in other ways, and
We will appraise, We will reveal, your record, in terms of [whether you acted
with] obedience or disobedience in what concerns the struggle (all three verbs
may be read with the [third person singular] yā’ or with the [first person
plural] nūn).
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَشَاقُّوا الرَّسُولَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا
تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ لَن يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيُحْبِطُ
أَعْمَالَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Inna
allatheena kafaroo wasaddooAAan sabeeli Allahi washaqqoo arrasoola minbaAAdi ma
tabayyana lahumu alhuda lan yadurooAllaha shay-an wasayuhbitu aAAmalahum
Translation
Indeed,
those who disbelieved and averted [people] from the path of Allah and opposed
the Messenger after guidance had become clear to them - never will they harm
Allah at all, and He will render worthless their deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Indeed
those who disbelieve and bar from the way of God, the path of truth, and defy
the Messenger, opposing him, after the guidance (this is the meaning of ‘the
way of God’) has become clear to them, they will not hurt God in any way, and
He will make their works fail, He will invalidate them, [good works] such as
voluntary alms and the like, and so they will not find any reward for it in the
Hereafter — this was revealed either regarding those [Meccan] participants at
[the battle of] Badr who provided food [for the needy], or regarding [the
Jewish tribes of] Qurayza and al-Nadīr.
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوا
أَعْمَالَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Ya
ayyuha allatheena amanooateeAAoo Allaha waateeAAoo arrasoolawala tubtiloo
aAAmalakum
Translation
O
you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and do not invalidate
your deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
O
you who believe! Obey God and obey the Messenger, and do not render your own
works void, by [engaging in] acts of disobedience, for example.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن
يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ
Pronunciation
Inna
allatheena kafaroo wasaddooAAan sabeeli Allahi thumma matoo wahum kuffarunfalan
yaghfira Allahu lahum
Translation
Indeed,
those who disbelieved and averted [people] from the path of Allah and then died
while they were disbelievers - never will Allah forgive them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Indeed
those who disbelieve and bar from the way of God, His path, namely, guidance,
and then die as disbelievers, God will never forgive them — this was revealed
regarding the men of the Well (al-qalīb).
فَلَا تَهِنُوا
وَتَدْعُوا إِلَى السَّلْمِ وَأَنتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ وَاللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ وَلَن
يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Fala
tahinoo watadAAoo ila assalmiwaantumu al-aAAlawna wallahu maAAakum
walanyatirakum aAAmalakum
Translation
So
do not weaken and call for peace while you are superior; and Allah is with you
and will never deprive you of [the reward of] your deeds.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
do not falter, [do not] be weak, and [do not] call for peace (read salm or
silm), that is to say, a truce with the disbelievers should you encounter them,
when you have the upper hand (al-a‘lawna: the third letter of the triliteral
root, wāw, has been omitted), [when you are] the victors, the vanquishers, and
God is with you, helping and assisting, and He will not stint you, diminish
you, in [the reward for] your works, that is to say, of the reward for them.
إِنَّمَا
الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ ۚ وَإِن
تُؤْمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا يُؤْتِكُمْ أُجُورَكُمْ وَلَا يَسْأَلْكُمْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ
Pronunciation
Innama
alhayatu addunyalaAAibun walahwun wa-in tu/minoo watattaqoo yu/tikum
ojoorakumwala yas-alkum amwalakum
Translation
[This]
worldly life is only amusement and diversion. And if you believe and fear Allah
, He will give you your rewards and not ask you for your properties.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
The
life of this world, that is to say, preoccupation [solely] with it, is merely
play and diversion; but if you believe and are wary, of God, [both of] which
pertain to [the goal of] the Hereafter, He will give you your rewards, and will
not ask you your wealth [in return], all of it, rather, only the alms that are
required from it.
إِن
يَسْأَلْكُمُوهَا فَيُحْفِكُمْ تَبْخَلُوا وَيُخْرِجْ أَضْغَانَكُمْ
Pronunciation
In
yas-alkumooha fayuhfikumtabkhaloo wayukhrij adghanakum
Translation
If
He should ask you for them and press you, you would withhold, and He would
expose your unwillingness.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
If
He were to ask you for it, and press you, demand it persistently, you would be
niggardly, and this, niggardliness, would expose your rancour, towards the
religion of Islam.
هَا أَنتُمْ
هَٰؤُلَاءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَمِنكُم مَّن يَبْخَلُ ۖ وَمَن يَبْخَلْ
فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَن نَّفْسِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ
الْغَنِيُّ وَأَنتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ ۚ وَإِن
تَتَوَلَّوْا يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَكُم
Pronunciation
Ha
antum haola-itudAAawna litunfiqoo fee sabeeli Allahi faminkum manyabkhalu waman
yabkhal fa-innama yabkhalu AAan nafsihi wallahualghaniyyu waantumu alfuqarao
wa-in tatawallaw yastabdilqawman ghayrakum thumma la yakoonoo amthalakum
Translation
Here
you are - those invited to spend in the cause of Allah - but among you are
those who withhold [out of greed]. And whoever withholds only withholds
[benefit] from himself; and Allah is the Free of need, while you are the needy.
And if you turn away, He will replace you with another people; then they will
not be the likes of you.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Lo!
there you are, O, those who are being called to expend in the way of God, that
which has been prescribed for you; yet among you there are those who are
niggardly; and whoever is niggardly is niggardly only to his own soul (one may
say bakhila ‘alayhi or [bakhila] ‘anhu [to mean, ‘he was niggardly to
someone’]). For God is the Independent One, [without need] of your expending;
while you are the needy, of Him. And if you turn away, from obedience to Him,
He will replace you with another people, that is to say, He will bring them in
your place, and they will not be the likes of you, in turning away from
obedience to Him, but [they will be] obedient to Him, Mighty and Majestic [is
He].
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