Surat
Al-`Alaq (The Clot) - سورة العلق
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
96:1
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ
رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ
Pronunciation
Iqra/
bi-ismi rabbika allathee khalaq
Translation
Recite
in the name of your Lord who created -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Recite,
bring recitation into existence, beginning with: In the Name of your Lord Who
created, all creatures;
خَلَقَ
الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ
Pronunciation
Khalaqa
al-insana min AAalaq
Translation
Created
man from a clinging substance.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
created
man (al-insān: the generic) from a blood-clot (‘alaq is the plural of ‘alaqa,
which is a small quantity of congealing blood).
اقْرَأْ
وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
Pronunciation
Iqra/
warabbuka al-akram
Translation
Recite,
and your Lord is the most Generous -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Recite:
(reiterating the first one) and your Lord is the Most Generous, having no
counterpart in terms of His generosity (wa-rabbuka’l-akram is a circumstantial
qualifier referring to the subject [of the verb] iqra’, ‘recite’),
الَّذِي عَلَّمَ
بِالْقَلَمِ
Pronunciation
Allathee
AAallama bilqalam
Translation
Who
taught by the pen -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Who
taught, [the art of] script, by the pen — the first to write with it was [the
prophet] Enoch (Idrīs), peace be upon him —
عَلَّمَ
الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
Pronunciation
AAallama
al-insana ma lamyaAAlam
Translation
Taught
man that which he knew not.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
taught
man (al-insān: the generic) what he did not know, before he was taught, in the
way of guidance, [the art of] writing, crafts and so on.
كَلَّا إِنَّ
الْإِنسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ
Pronunciation
Kalla
inna al-insana layatgha
Translation
No!
[But] indeed, man transgresses
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Nay,
but verily man is [wont to be] rebellious,
أَن رَّآهُ
اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Pronunciation
An
raahu istaghna
Translation
Because
he sees himself self-sufficient.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
when
he sees it, that is to say, his own soul, to be self-sufficient, in terms of
wealth — this was revealed regarding Abū Jahl (ra’ā, ‘sees’, means [to see]
mentally; istaghnā, ‘self-sufficient’, is the second direct object; an ra’āhu,
‘when he sees it’, is an object denoting reason).
إِنَّ إِلَىٰ
رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَىٰ
Pronunciation
Inna
ila rabbika arrujAAa
Translation
Indeed,
to your Lord is the return.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Surely
to your Lord, O man, is the return — [meant as] a threat for him — and so He
will requite the rebellious one with what he deserves.
أَرَأَيْتَ
الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ
Pronunciation
Araayta
allathee yanha
Translation
Have
you seen the one who forbids
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Have
you seen (a-ra’ayta in all three instances [here and below] is an exclamation
of wonder) him, namely, Abū Jahl, who forbids
عَبْدًا إِذَا
صَلَّىٰ
Pronunciation
AAabdan
itha salla
Translation
A
servant when he prays?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
a
servant, namely, Muhammad (s), when he prays?
أَرَأَيْتَ إِن
كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ
Pronunciation
Araayta
in kana AAala alhuda
Translation
Have
you seen if he is upon guidance
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Have
you considered what if he, the one forbidden, should be upon [a path of]
guidance,
أَوْ أَمَرَ
بِالتَّقْوَىٰ
Pronunciation
Aw
amara bittaqwa
Translation
Or
enjoins righteousness?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
or
(aw is for division) be bidding [others] to fear of God?
أَرَأَيْتَ إِن
كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Araayta
in kaththaba watawalla
Translation
Have
you seen if he denies and turns away -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Have
you considered what if he, the one forbidding the Prophet, should be denying
[God’s guidance] and turning away?, from faith.
أَلَمْ يَعْلَم
بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ
Pronunciation
Alam
yaAAlam bi-anna Allaha yara
Translation
Does
he not know that Allah sees?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Is
he not aware that God sees?, what has issued from him, that is to say, He does
[indeed] know it and will requite him for it. In other words, ‘Marvel, O you
being addressed, at the way in which he forbids prayer, and at the fact that
the one being forbidden is actually the one upon guidance, bidding to fear of
God, while the one forbidding is a denier, disregarding faith’.
كَلَّا لَئِن
لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
Pronunciation
Kalla
la-in lam yantahi lanasfaAAanbinnasiya
Translation
No!
If he does not desist, We will surely drag him by the forelock -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No
indeed! — a repudiation of him — Assuredly if (la-in: the lām is for oaths) he
does not desist, from the disbelief that he is upon, We shall seize him by the
forelock, We shall drag him to the Fire by his forelock,
نَاصِيَةٍ
كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ
Pronunciation
Nasiyatin
kathibatin khati-a
Translation
A
lying, sinning forelock.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
a
lying, iniquitous forelock! (nāsiyatin: an indefinite noun substituting for a
definite) — the description of this [forelock] in such terms is meant
figuratively, and what is actually meant is that individual.
فَلْيَدْعُ
نَادِيَهُ
Pronunciation
FalyadAAu
nadiyah
Translation
Then
let him call his associates;
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Let
him, then, call upon [the henchmen of] his council, the members of his council
(nādin) — a place of assembly where people gather to talk. He [Abū Jahl] had
said to the Prophet (s) in reproof, having forbidden him from prayer, ‘You are
well aware that there is none in this [town] who has [recourse to] as large a council
[of men] as I do. Verily, I shall fill this [entire] valley with mature steeds
and young men [in battle] against you if you so wish!’
سَنَدْعُ
الزَّبَانِيَةَ
Pronunciation
SanadAAu
azzabaniya
Translation
We
will call the angels of Hell.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
We
shall call the Zabāniya, the grim stern angels to destroy him, as [stated] in
the hadīth, ‘Had he called his council [of henchmen] together, the Zabāniya
would have seized him right before his own eyes!’.
كَلَّا لَا
تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِب ۩
Pronunciation
Kalla
la tutiAAhu wasjudwaqtarib
Translation
No!
Do not obey him. But prostrate and draw near [to Allah].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No
indeed! — a repudiation of him — Do not obey him, O Muhammad (s) and abandon
prayer, and prostrate yourself, perform prayer to God, and draw near, to Him
through obedience to Him.
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