Surat
`Abasa (He Frowned) - سورة عبس
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
80:1
عَبَسَ
وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Pronunciation
AAabasa
watawalla
Translation
The
Prophet frowned and turned away
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
He,
the Prophet, frowned, glowered with his face, and turned away,
أَن جَاءَهُ
الْأَعْمَىٰ
Pronunciation
An
jaahu al-aAAma
Translation
Because
there came to him the blind man, [interrupting].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
because
the blind man came to him: ‘Abd Allāh son of Umm Maktūm, who interrupted him
while he was busy with those notables of Quryash whose submission [to God] he
was very eager for. The blind man was not aware that he was busy with these and
so he called out to him, ‘Teach me of what God has taught you’. However, the
Prophet (s) went off to his house. He was then reproached for this with what
was revealed in this sūra. Afterwards, whenever he came to him, the Prophet
would say to him, ‘Greetings to him on whose account God reproached me!’, and
would lay down his cloak for him.
وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ
لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Wama
yudreeka laAAallahu yazzakka
Translation
But
what would make you perceive, [O Muhammad], that perhaps he might be purified
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
how would you know? Perhaps he would cleanse himself (yazzakkā: the original
tā’ [of yatazakkā] has been assimilated with the zāy), that is, [perhaps] he
would purge himself of sins by what he hears from you,
أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ
فَتَنفَعَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ
Pronunciation
Aw
yaththakkaru fatanfaAAahu aththikra
Translation
Or
be reminded and the remembrance would benefit him?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
or
be admonished (yadhdhakkar: the original tā’ [of yatadhakkar] has been
assimilated with the dhāl) and so the reminder, the admonition heard from you,
might benefit him (a variant reading [for tanfa‘uhu] has tanfa‘ahu as the
response to the optative statement).
أَمَّا مَنِ
اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Pronunciation
Amma
mani istaghna
Translation
As
for he who thinks himself without need,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
as for the one [who thinks himself] self-sufficient, through wealth,
فَأَنتَ لَهُ
تَصَدَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Faanta
lahu tasadda
Translation
To
him you give attention.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
to
him you [do] attend (tasaddā: a variant reading has tassaddā, where the
original second tā’ [of tatasaddā] has been assimilated with the sād), [him]
you accept and turn your attention to;
وَمَا عَلَيْكَ
أَلَّا يَزَّكَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Wama
AAalayka alla yazzakka
Translation
And
not upon you [is any blame] if he will not be purified.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
yet
it is not your concern if he does not cleanse himself, [if he does not]
believe.
وَأَمَّا مَن
جَاءَكَ يَسْعَىٰ
Pronunciation
Waamma
man jaaka yasAAa
Translation
But
as for he who came to you striving [for knowledge]
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
as for him who comes to you hurrying (yas‘ā is a circumstantial qualifier
referring to the subject of [the verb] jā’a, ‘comes’)
وَهُوَ يَخْشَىٰ
Pronunciation
Wahuwa
yakhsha
Translation
While
he fears [Allah],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
fearful,
of God (wa-huwa yakhshā is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject
of [the verb] yas‘ā, ‘hurrying’) — this being the blind man —
فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ
تَلَهَّىٰ
Pronunciation
Faanta
AAanhu talahha
Translation
From
him you are distracted.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
to
him you pay no heed (talahhā: the original second tā’ [of tatalahhā] has been
omitted), that is to say, from him you are distracted [by other things].
كَلَّا إِنَّهَا
تَذْكِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Kalla
innaha tathkira
Translation
No!
Indeed, these verses are a reminder;
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No
indeed!, do not behave like this. Truly it, the sūra, is, or the verses [are],
a reminder, an admonition for [all] creatures —
فَمَن شَاءَ
ذَكَرَهُ
Pronunciation
Faman
shaa thakarah
Translation
So
whoever wills may remember it.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
so
let whoever will, remember it, preserve it [in his memory] and thus be
admonished by it —
فِي صُحُفٍ
مُّكَرَّمَةٍ
Pronunciation
Fee
suhufin mukarrama
Translation
[It
is recorded] in honored sheets,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
on
leaves (fī suhufin is the second predicate of innahā, ‘truly it’, and what
precedes it is a parenthetical statement) [that are] honoured, by God,
مَّرْفُوعَةٍ
مُّطَهَّرَةٍ
Pronunciation
MarfooAAatin
mutahhara
Translation
Exalted
and purified,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
elevated,
in the heavens, purified, exalted above the touch of devils,
بِأَيْدِي
سَفَرَةٍ
Pronunciation
Bi-aydee
safara
Translation
[Carried]
by the hands of messenger-angels,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
in
the hands of scribes, who write it down from the Preserved Tablet,
كِرَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ
Pronunciation
Kiramin
barara
Translation
Noble
and dutiful.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
noble,
pious, obedient to God, exalted be He: these being the angels.
قُتِلَ
الْإِنسَانُ مَا أَكْفَرَهُ
Pronunciation
Qutila
al-insanu ma akfarah
Translation
Cursed
is man; how disbelieving is he.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Perish
man!, accursed be the disbeliever! What has made him ungrateful? (an
interrogative statement meant as a rebuke) — what has driven him to disbelief?
مِنْ أَيِّ
شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ
Pronunciation
Min
ayyi shay-in khalaqah
Translation
From
what substance did He create him?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
From
what thing has He created him? (an interrogative meant as an affirmative, which
He then explains by saying):
مِن نُّطْفَةٍ
خَلَقَهُ فَقَدَّرَهُ
Pronunciation
Min
nutfatin khalaqahu faqaddarah
Translation
From
a sperm-drop He created him and destined for him;
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
From
a drop of sperm did He create him then proportion him, [in stages] as a
blood-clot, then an embryo up to the last [stage] of his creation.
ثُمَّ السَّبِيلَ
يَسَّرَهُ
Pronunciation
Thumma
assabeela yassarah
Translation
Then
He eased the way for him;
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Then
He made the way, his exit from his mother’s belly, easy for him;
ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُ
فَأَقْبَرَهُ
Pronunciation
Thumma
amatahu faaqbarah
Translation
Then
He causes his death and provides a grave for him.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
then
He makes him die and buries him, He places him in a grave that hides him;
ثُمَّ إِذَا
شَاءَ أَنشَرَهُ
Pronunciation
Thumma
itha shaa ansharah
Translation
Then
when He wills, He will resurrect him.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
then,
when He wills, He will raise him, for the Resurrection.
كَلَّا لَمَّا
يَقْضِ مَا أَمَرَهُ
Pronunciation
Kalla
lamma yaqdi maamarah
Translation
No!
Man has not yet accomplished what He commanded him.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
No
indeed! Verily, he has not accomplished, he has not done, what He, his Lord,
commanded him, to [do].
فَلْيَنظُرِ
الْإِنسَانُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِ
Pronunciation
Falyanthuri
al-insanuila taAAamih
Translation
Then
let mankind look at his food -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
let man consider, in reflection, his [source of] food, how it is determined and
procured for him:
أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا
الْمَاءَ صَبًّا
Pronunciation
Anna
sababna almaasabba
Translation
How
We poured down water in torrents,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
that
We pour down water, from the clouds, plenteously;
ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا
الْأَرْضَ شَقًّا
Pronunciation
Thumma
shaqaqna al-arda shaqqa
Translation
Then
We broke open the earth, splitting [it with sprouts],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
then
We split the earth into fissures, with vegetation,
فَأَنبَتْنَا
فِيهَا حَبًّا
Pronunciation
Faanbatna
feeha habba
Translation
And
caused to grow within it grain
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
cause the grains, such as wheat and barley, to grow therein,
وَعِنَبًا
وَقَضْبًا
Pronunciation
WaAAinaban
waqadba
Translation
And
grapes and herbage
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
vines and herbs (qadb is moist qatt),
وَزَيْتُونًا
وَنَخْلًا
Pronunciation
Wazaytoonan
wanakhla
Translation
And
olive and palm trees
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
olives and date-palms,
وَحَدَائِقَ
غُلْبًا
Pronunciation
Wahada-iqa
ghulba
Translation
And
gardens of dense shrubbery
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
gardens of dense foliage, orchards teeming with trees,
وَفَاكِهَةً
وَأَبًّا
Pronunciation
Wafakihatan
waabba
Translation
And
fruit and grass -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
fruits and pastures (abb is what cattle graze; it is also said to be ‘straw’),
مَّتَاعًا
لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ
Pronunciation
MataAAan
lakum wali-anAAamikum
Translation
[As]
enjoyment for you and your grazing livestock.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
as
sustenance (understand matā‘an as mut‘atan or tamtī‘an, as explained above in
the previous sūra) for you and your flocks (also as [explained] above).
فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ
الصَّاخَّةُ
Pronunciation
Fa-itha
jaati assakhkha
Translation
But
when there comes the Deafening Blast
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
So
when the [deafening] Cry, the second blast, comes —
يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ
الْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ
Pronunciation
Yawma
yafirru almaro min akheeh
Translation
On
the Day a man will flee from his brother
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
the
day when a man will flee from his [own] brother,
وَأُمِّهِ
وَأَبِيهِ
Pronunciation
Waommihi
waabeeh
Translation
And
his mother and his father
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
his mother and his father,
وَصَاحِبَتِهِ
وَبَنِيهِ
Pronunciation
Wasahibatihi
wabaneeh
Translation
And
his wife and his children,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
his wife and his sons (yawma, ‘the day [when]’, is a substitution for idhā,
‘when’, the response to which is indicated by [what follows]) —
لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ
مِّنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ
Pronunciation
Likulli
imri-in minhum yawma-ithinsha/nun yughneeh
Translation
For
every man, that Day, will be a matter adequate for him.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
every
person that day will have a matter to preoccupy him, a predicament to distract
him from the affairs of others, in other words, every person will be
preoccupied with his own self.
وُجُوهٌ
يَوْمَئِذٍ مُّسْفِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Wujoohun
yawma-ithin musfira
Translation
[Some]
faces, that Day, will be bright -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
On
that day some faces will be shining, radiant,
ضَاحِكَةٌ
مُّسْتَبْشِرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Dahikatun
mustabshira
Translation
Laughing,
rejoicing at good news.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
laughing,
joyous, happy — these are the believers.
وَوُجُوهٌ
يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَيْهَا غَبَرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Wawujoohun
yawma-ithin AAalayhaghabara
Translation
And
[other] faces, that Day, will have upon them dust.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
some faces on that day will be covered with dust,
تَرْهَقُهَا
قَتَرَةٌ
Pronunciation
Tarhaquha
qatara
Translation
Blackness
will cover them.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
overcast,
covered, with gloom, darkness and blackness.
أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ
الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ
Pronunciation
Ola-ika
humu alkafaratu alfajara
Translation
Those
are the disbelievers, the wicked ones.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Those,
the people of this predicament, are the disbelievers, the profligates, those
who have combined disbelief with profligacy.
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