Surat
Ash-Shams (The Sun) - سورة الشمس
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
91:1
وَالشَّمْسِ
وَضُحَاهَا
Pronunciation
Washshamsi
waduhaha
Translation
By
the sun and its brightness
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
By
the sun and her morning light,
وَالْقَمَرِ
إِذَا تَلَاهَا
Pronunciation
Walqamari
itha talaha
Translation
And
[by] the moon when it follows it
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
[by] the moon when it follows her, rising after she has set,
وَالنَّهَارِ
إِذَا جَلَّاهَا
Pronunciation
Wannahari
itha jallaha
Translation
And
[by] the day when it displays it
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
[by] the day when it reveals her, as it rises [high],
وَاللَّيْلِ
إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا
Pronunciation
Wallayli
itha yaghshaha
Translation
And
[by] the night when it covers it
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
[by] the night when it enshrouds her, covering her up with its darkness (idhā,
‘when’, in all three instances is an absolute adverbial, operated by the verbal
action of the oath).
وَالسَّمَاءِ
وَمَا بَنَاهَا
Pronunciation
Wassama-i
wama banaha
Translation
And
[by] the sky and He who constructed it
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
By
the heaven and the One Who built it,
وَالْأَرْضِ
وَمَا طَحَاهَا
Pronunciation
Wal-ardi
wama tahaha
Translation
And
[by] the earth and He who spread it
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
[by] the earth and the One Who spread it, laid out flat.
وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا
سَوَّاهَا
Pronunciation
Wanafsin
wama sawwaha
Translation
And
[by] the soul and He who proportioned it
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
[by] the soul, that is to say, [by] all souls, and the One Who proportioned it,
in its created form (mā in all three instances relates to the verbal action, or
functions as man, ‘the one who’),
فَأَلْهَمَهَا
فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا
Pronunciation
Faalhamaha
fujooraha wataqwaha
Translation
And
inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
inspired to discern its vices and piety, He pointed out to it the path of good
and that of evil (the placing of taqwā, ‘piety’, second takes into account the
[rhyme] endings of the verses; the response to the oath is [the following:])
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ
مَن زَكَّاهَا
Pronunciation
Qad
aflaha man zakkaha
Translation
He
has succeeded who purifies it,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Successful
indeed (qad: the lām [of laqad, ‘indeed’] has been omitted from it for the sake
of brevity) will be the one who purifies it, purges it of sins,
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن
دَسَّاهَا
Pronunciation
Waqad
khaba man dassaha
Translation
And
he has failed who instills it [with corruption].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
he will indeed have failed he who eclipses it, he who obscures it with [acts
of] disobedience (dassāhā is actually dassasahā, but the second sīn has been replaced
with an alif for [phonetic] ease).
كَذَّبَتْ
ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا
Pronunciation
Kaththabat
thamoodu bitaghwaha
Translation
Thamud
denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Thamūd
denied, their messenger Sālih, because of their rebellious nature,
إِذِ انبَعَثَ
أَشْقَاهَا
Pronunciation
Ithi
inbaAAatha ashqaha
Translation
When
the most wretched of them was sent forth.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
when
the most wretched of them, whose name was Qudār, was dispatched, [when] he
hastened, in order to hamstring the she-camel with their approval.
فَقَالَ لَهُمْ
رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا
Pronunciation
Faqala
lahum rasoolu Allahi naqataAllahi wasuqyaha
Translation
And
the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do not harm] the she-camel
of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink."
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
then the messenger of God, Sālih, said to them, ‘[This is] the she-camel of
God, so let her have her drink!’, her drink on her day — one day was hers, the
next theirs.
فَكَذَّبُوهُ
فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا
Pronunciation
Fakaththaboohu
faAAaqaroohafadamdama AAalayhim rabbuhum bithanbihim fasawwaha
Translation
But
they denied him and hamstrung her. So their Lord brought down upon them
destruction for their sin and made it equal [upon all of them].
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
they denied him, with regard to his saying this [as being a command] from God —
which if they contravened would immediately result in chastisement being sent
down on them — then hamstrung her, they slew it in order to appropriate her
[share of the] drinking water. So their Lord closed in on them, the
chastisement, because of their sin, and meted it equally [among them], that is,
the closing in on them, in other words, He subsumed them all by it, so that not
one of them escaped.
وَلَا يَخَافُ
عُقْبَاهَا
Pronunciation
Wala
yakhafu AAuqbaha
Translation
And
He does not fear the consequence thereof.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
He does not (read wa-lā, or fa-lā) fear the consequence of it.
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