Surat
Al-Balad (The City) - سورة البلد
[In
the Name of ALLAH, the ENTIRELY MERCIFUL, the ESPECIALLY MERCIFUL]
90:1
لَا أُقْسِمُ
بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ
Pronunciation
La
oqsimu bihatha albalad
Translation
I
swear by this city, Makkah -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
I
swear (lā is extra) by this land, of Mecca,
وَأَنتَ حِلٌّ
بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ
Pronunciation
Waanta
hillun bihatha albalad
Translation
And
you, [O Muhammad], are free of restriction in this city -
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
you, O Muhammad (s), have free disposal of, sanction for, this land, in that
you will be given permission to fight in it — and indeed God fulfilled this
promise to him on the day of the Conquest [of Mecca] (thus this is a
parenthetical statement intervening between that by which the oath has been
sworn and that which is a supplement thereto).
وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا
وَلَدَ
Pronunciation
Wawalidin
wama walad
Translation
And
[by] the father and that which was born [of him],
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
[by] the begetter, that is, Adam, and that which he begat, that is, his
descendants (mā, ‘that which’, [actually] means man, ‘whom’).
لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا
الْإِنسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ
Pronunciation
Laqad
khalaqna al-insana feekabad
Translation
We
have certainly created man into hardship.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
We
certainly created man (al-insān: the generic noun) in travail, in [a state of]
toil and hardship, struggling with the tribulations of this world and the
calamities of the Hereafter.
أَيَحْسَبُ أَن
لَّن يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ
Pronunciation
Ayahsabu
an lan yaqdira AAalayhi ahad
Translation
Does
he think that never will anyone overcome him?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Does
he suppose, does the strong man of Quraysh, namely, Abū’l-Ashadd b. Kalada,
presume, on account of his strength, that (an: softened in place of the
hardened form, its subject omitted, that is to say, annahu) no one will have
power over him? Yet God has power over him.
يَقُولُ
أَهْلَكْتُ مَالًا لُّبَدًا
Pronunciation
Yaqoolu
ahlaktu malan lubada
Translation
He
says, "I have spent wealth in abundance."
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
He
says, ‘I have exhausted, in enmity of Muhammad (s), vast wealth!’, great
[wealth], piles and piles of it.
أَيَحْسَبُ أَن
لَّمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ
Pronunciation
Ayahsabu
an lam yarahu ahad
Translation
Does
he think that no one has seen him?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Does
he suppose that (an, in other words, annahu) no one has seen him?, with regard
to what he has expended to know the quantity thereof; God knows the quantity
thereof; but it is not [in reality that much so as] to be considered a great
amount, and [in any case] He will requite him for his evil conduct.
أَلَمْ نَجْعَل
لَّهُ عَيْنَيْنِ
Pronunciation
Alam
najAAal lahu AAaynayn
Translation
Have
We not made for him two eyes?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Have
We not given (an interrogative meant as an affirmative, in other words, ‘We
have [certainly] given’) him two eyes,
وَلِسَانًا
وَشَفَتَيْنِ
Pronunciation
Walisanan
washafatayn
Translation
And
a tongue and two lips?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
a tongue, and two lips,
وَهَدَيْنَاهُ
النَّجْدَيْنِ
Pronunciation
Wahadaynahu
annajdayn
Translation
And
have shown him the two ways?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
and
guided him to the two paths?, [did We not] point out to him the path of good
and that of evil?
فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ
الْعَقَبَةَ
Pronunciation
Fala
iqtahama alAAaqaba
Translation
But
he has not broken through the difficult pass.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Yet
why does he not assault the obstacle?, [why] does he [not] surmount it?
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ
مَا الْعَقَبَةُ
Pronunciation
Wama
adraka maalAAaqaba
Translation
And
what can make you know what is [breaking through] the difficult pass?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And
what will show you, [what will] make known to you, what the obstacle is?, that
he is to surmount — intended to emphasise its enormity (this statement is a
parenthetical one). He explains the way to surmount it by saying:
فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ
Pronunciation
Fakku
raqaba
Translation
It
is the freeing of a slave
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
the
freeing of a slave, from bondage,
أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ
فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ
Pronunciation
Aw
itAAamun fee yawmin theemasghaba
Translation
Or
feeding on a day of severe hunger
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
or
to give food on a day of hunger,
يَتِيمًا ذَا
مَقْرَبَةٍ
Pronunciation
Yateeman
tha maqraba
Translation
An
orphan of near relationship
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
to
an orphan near of kin (maqraba means qarāba),
أَوْ مِسْكِينًا
ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ
Pronunciation
Aw
miskeenan tha matraba
Translation
Or
a needy person in misery
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
or
a needy person in misery (matraba: [literally means] ‘clinging to the dust
[turāb]’ because of his poverty; a variant reading has two verbal nouns in
place of the two verbs [fakka, ‘he freed’, and at‘ama, ‘he fed’], the first
being in a genitive construction, fakku raqabatin, ‘the freeing of a slave’,
and the second with nunation, it‘āmun, ‘to give food’, in which case there is
an implied iqtihāmu before al-‘aqaba, of which the said reading becomes the
explication);
ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِ
Pronunciation
Thumma
kana mina allatheena amanoowatawasaw bissabri watawasaw bilmarhama
Translation
And
then being among those who believed and advised one another to patience and advised
one another to compassion.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
while
being (thumma kāna is a supplement to iqtahama, ‘he assaulted’; thumma is for
the ordering of things to be mentioned) in other words, [what is meant is that]
at the point of the assault he was: one of those who believe and enjoin one
another to steadfastness, in [pursuing] obedience and in refraining from
disobedience, and enjoin one another to compassion (marhama means rahma),
towards creatures.
أُولَٰئِكَ
أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ
Pronunciation
Ola-ika
as-habualmaymana
Translation
Those
are the companions of the right.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Those,
the ones described by the said attributes, are the ones of the right [side]
(al-maymana means al-yamīn).
وَالَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ
Pronunciation
Wallatheena
kafaroo bi-ayatinahum as-habu almash-ama
Translation
But
they who disbelieved in Our signs - those are the companions of the left.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
But
those who disbelieve in Our signs, they are the ones of the left [side]
(al-mash’ama means al-shimāl).
عَلَيْهِمْ نَارٌ
مُّؤْصَدَةٌ
Pronunciation
AAalayhim
narun mu/sada
Translation
Over
them will be fire closed in.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
Over
them will be an enclosing Fire (read mu’sada or mūsada), closed on top [of
them].
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